Term
| Apparatus of gene expression in Bacteria |
|
Definition
| RNA polymerase, Ribosomal RNAs, and Translation factors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
In order:
Domain
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
(Think PCOFGS). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
phylum of bacteria with classes:
alpha, beta, gamma, delta and epsilon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bacteria, archaea, eukarya |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Genus: escherichia
species: coli |
|
|
Term
| Deep branching thermophiles |
|
Definition
- grow at temperatures up to 95 degrees C
- show fastest doubling rates of all cells
- born, grow and reproduce in 10 minutes
- high rates of mutation
- accelerated molecular clocks
|
|
|
Term
| Deep-branching thermophiles (Part 2) |
|
Definition
-genomes show extensive transfer of archaeal genes
-Thermocrinis ruber
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Forms filamentous mats in hydrothermal vents |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
play key roles in many ecosystems; environmental change may cause colonial cyanobacteria to form giant blooms
include: prochlorococcus (phototroph in ocean) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
two distinct phylogenetic branches:
1. phylum firmicutes
2. phylum actinobacteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| LOW G/C species (35% GC, 65% AT) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| HIGH GC Species (35%AT, 65% GC) |
|
|
Term
| Firmicutes and Actinobacteria |
|
Definition
| both have thick cell walls that retain gram stains; walls are reinforced by teichoic acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Order: Bacillales
Genus: Bacillus
Large, rod-shaped cells
Ex: Bacillus anthracis
Vegetative cells develop inert dendospores in time of starvation and stress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Order: Clostridiales
Genus: Clostridium
Endospore swells, forming a 'drumstick'
Examples: C. botulinum, C. tetani, C. difficile
Known: Botox (used to relax muscle spasms) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Order: Clostridiales
E. fishelsoni
Large, can be seen with naked eye.
Grows in GI tract of sturgeonfish
Gives live birth to two internal offspring |
|
|
Term
| Non-Spore forming Firmicutes |
|
Definition
Listeria monocytogenes
(facultative anaerobic rod that causes gastroenteritis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nonspore forming firmicute; facultative anaerobes
cocci in clusters
example: S. aureus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nonspore forming firmicute; cocci in chains
Ex: S. pneumoniae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
In phylum Actinobacteria; an acid fast organism; example:
Streptomyces (major source of antibiotics) that form arthrospores |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mycelia that fragment into smaller cells |
|
|
Term
| nonmycelial actinobacteria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
rod shaped cells with thick cell walls containing mycolic acids and phenolic glycolipids
Ex: m. tuberulosis
m. leprae
m. smegmatis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consist of five major classes; all have triple-layered gram negative cell envelope (outer membrane, periplasm(cell wall) and cell membrane) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Endosymbionts (nitrogen fixers and plant roots like rhizobia)
Ricksettsias (intracellular pathogens spread by ticks) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lithotrophs and pathogens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nitrifiers oxidize ammonia to nitrite
ex: nitrosomonas: used in wastewater treatment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae in humans |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Enterobacteriaceae and aerobic rods |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
rods
grow singly, in chains or in biofilms
motile with flagella
aerobic or anaerobic respiration
ferment rapidly on carbs
ex: Escherichia coli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pseudomonas species have polar flagella and are vigorous swimmers; can develop biofilms
Legionella pneumophila grows intracellularly within macrophages and amebas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| parastizes proteobacterial cells, penetrates into periplasm where it uses host resources to grow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
microaerophilic helical pathogens
Example: Helicobacter pylori causes gastritis and stomach ulcers; converts uera to ammonia and CO2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
unique phylum of heterotrophic bacteria consisting of sheathed spiral cells with internal flagella
Example: Treponema pallidum (syphilis)
Borrelia burgdorferi (lyme disease) |
|
|
