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| tabulation device, 1000-5000 BC on sand; Napier Bones's created in 1600 AD |
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| 1640- made the first mechanical "Arithmetic Machine" |
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| 1800s- used punched cards to program weaving looms |
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| 1820s- "Difference Engine" did various mathematical calculations; Control- governed calculations, Mill- did the atithmetic; Store- memory; also developed the "Analytical Engine" |
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| 1854- building blocks of copmuter circuitry design |
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| 1880- developed a machine that would read punched cards containing individual data in order to make the 1890 census easier to count; 1896- Tabulating Machine Compnay later became IBM |
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| "Edison Effect" led to the turning radio waves into electricity through the development of the light bulb |
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| used the Edison Effect to develop the tube electronic component, or diode |
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| 1930- "Differential Analyzer" was used to create ballistic tables; still analog |
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| 1944- first digital computer, used by the military, weighed five tons |
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| 1943- aided in cracking Hitler's secret code, secret until 1970s |
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| 1946- first general purpose electronic computer; faster than the Harvard Mark I, used for ballistics |
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| 1949- England, first stored-program computer; coded with symbols, not machine language |
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| 1951- first commercially available computer, $1,000,000 each, predicted Eisenhower's election |
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| 1947- smaller and cooler than vacuum tubes, miniaturized computers; motivated by space race |
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| 1960s- demand for desktop calculators increases; Intel 4004 was the first |
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| COBOL, FORTRAN, Pascal, ALGOL 60 |
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| 1960s- early forms of code |
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| 1970- code created by Bell Labs; developed with UNIX |
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| 1973- Dennis Ritchie improved upon B; still used today |
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| 1980- Bjarne Stroutstrup enhanced C language, |
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| 1995- programming language very similar to C++ but more user friendly, |
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| 1975- first consumer priced PC at $500; no monitor or keyboard, used an Intel 8080 chip |
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| 1976- Jobs and Wozniak; just a circuit board with inputs |
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| 1977- first computer to support a color monitor |
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| 1979- Developed by Dan Bricklin; first "killer" application; precursor to Excel |
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| 1981- first with open architecture (could support third party devices) |
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| 1983- first PC to sell millions of units |
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| 1984- introduced the first GUI (graphical User Interface); Superbowl commercial; |
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| supports thousands of users |
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| performs one function very well |
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| supports hundreds of users |
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| provide access to a mainframe computer; "dummy" |
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| self-contained computing device for one user |
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| powerful, single-user computer |
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| eight bits: e.g. 01101000 |
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| longer string of bits; e.g. 2 bytes constitute a 16-bit word |
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| American Standard Code for Information Interchange; associated with an English character: 0 to 127 |
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| transmits data one bit at a time |
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| transmits multiple bits at a time |
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| main circuit board of a PC |
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| central processing unit; interprets and executes the instructions of a command or program |
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| group of integrated circuits on the motherboard |
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| read only memory; prerecorded data |
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| includes video, graphics accelerator, sound, and network cards |
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| Industry Standard Architecture; 16-bit structures; now obsolete |
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| Peripheral Component Interconnect; 32- bit structures |
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| Accelerated Graphics Port |
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| AGP; bypass the PCI bus, used for 3D graphics |
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| collection of wires through which data is transmitted from one location to another |
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