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| the study of living things that are generally too small to be seen without a microscope |
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| how diseases are caused by microbes affecting communities |
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| how the human body responds to microbial infection |
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| Microbes account for more than ____ of O2 produced on Earth |
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| makes use of microbial metabolism to generate industrial or consumer products ex. beer |
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| manipulation of bacterial genetics ex.pharmaceuticals |
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| use of microbes to restore stability to the environment ex.oil spills |
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| How many microbial species cause disease? |
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| How many microorganisms cause AIDS |
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| simple; single-celled; lack organelles |
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| complex; single or multi-celled; contain organelles |
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| non-cellular particles; contain nucleic acid enclosed within a protein capsule |
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| microbe acquires life-sustaining nutrients from the host, causing damage to the host ex.virus;tapeworm |
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| microbe and host acquire life-sustaining nutrients from one another, each benefiting the other |
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| first to describe cells as "units of life" by observing tree bark and plants with magnifying lenses; 1660s |
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| invented the first single-lens microscope; described microorganisms for the first time; tooth plaque and rain water; animolecules; 1600s |
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| living things arise from non-living or decomposing matter due to an unseen force |
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| first to disprove spontaneous generation; 1600s |
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| air is the source of microbes; repeated cycles of heat kills microbes; devised the germ theory of disease |
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| process of repeated cycles of heat kills microbes |
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| first to definitively link bacteria to a particular disease |
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steps to determine that an organism causes a disease:
1. found in all cases of the disease
2. cultured
3. able to produce infection, even after several generations in culture
4. retrieved from an infected animal and cultured again |
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| introduced aseptic techniques to hospitals to reduce the number of microorganisms and, therefore, infection |
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| Steps of the Scientific Method |
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| observation, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion |
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| When sample data exist to support a given hypothesis, it becomes a ___. |
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| When more data exist to support a given theory, it may become a ____. |
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| most common approach for using the scientific method |
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| the science of naming and classifying living things so that they may be easily identified |
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| systematic arrangement of organisms |
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| using traits to recognize an organism |
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| domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species |
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| Whittaker System of Classification |
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| 2 domains (prokaryotes and eukaryotes); 5 kingdoms (monera, protists, animals, plants, fungi) |
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| Woese-Fox System of Classification |
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| 3 domains (archaea, bacteria, eukarya); 7 kingdoms (archaea, bacteria, animals, plants, fungi, protozoa, algae) |
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