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Chapter 1
Introduction to Medical Terminology
60
Medical
Undergraduate 2
10/12/2011

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Term
abdominocentesis
Definition
the surgical puncture of the abdominal cavity to remove fluid
Term
acronym
Definition
a word formed from the initial letter of the major parts of a compound term
Term
acute
Definition
rapid onset, a severe course, and a relatively short duration
Term
angiography
Definition
the process of producing a radio-graphic(x-ray) study of the blood vessels after the injection of a contrast medium to make these blood vessels visible
Term
appendectomy
Definition
the surgical removal of the appendix
Term
arteriosclerosis
Definition
the abnormal hardening of the walls of an artery/arteries
Term
arthralgia
Definition
pain in a joint(s)
Term
colostomy
Definition
the surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface
Term
cyanosis
Definition
blue discoloration of the skin caused by a lack of adequate oxygen in the blood
Term
dermatologist
Definition
physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the skin
Term
diagnosis
Definition
the identification of a disease
Term
diarrhea
Definition
the frequent flow of loose or watery stool
Term
edema
Definition
swelling caused by excess fluid in the body tissues
Term
endarterial
Definition
pertaining to the interior or lining of an artery
Term
eponym
Definition
disease, structure, operation, or procedure named for the person who discovered or described it first
Term
erythrocyte
Definition
mature red blood cell (RBC)
Term
fissure
Definition

Groove or crack-like sore of the skin

*Also describes normal folds in the contours of the brain

Term
fistula
Definition
An abnormal passage, usually between 2 internal organs, or leading from an organ to the surface of the body
Term
gastralgia
Definition
stomach ache
Term
gastritis
Definition
an inflammation of the stomach
Term
gastroenteritis
Definition
an inflammation of the stomach AND the small intestine
Term
gastrosis
Definition
any disease of the stomach
Term
hemorrhage
Definition
the loss of a large amount of blood in a short amount of time
Term
hepatomegaly
Definition
abnormal enlargement of the liver
Term
hypertension
Definition
high blood pressure
Term
hypotension
Definition
lower than normal blood pressure
Term
infection
Definition
the invasion of the body by a pathogenic organism
Term
inflammation
Definition

a localized response to an injury or destruction of tissues

1) erythema (redness)

2) hyperthermia (heat)

3) edema (swelling)

4) pain

Term
interstitial
Definition
between, but not within, the parts of a tissue
Term
intramuscular
Definition
means within the muscle
Term
laceration
Definition
torn or jagged wound or an acidental cut wound
Term
lesion
Definition
a pathologic change of the tissues due to disease or injury
Term
mycosis
Definition
describes any abnormal condition or disease caused by a fungus
Term
myelopathy
Definition
describes any pathologic change or disease in the spinal cord
Term
myopathy
Definition
any pathologic change or disease of muscle tissue
Term
myorrhexis
Definition
the rupture of a muscle
Term
natal
Definition
pertaining to birth
Term
neonatology
Definition
the study of disorders of the newborn
Term
neuritis
Definition
inflammation of a nerve or nerves
Term
otorhinolaryngology
Definition
the study of the ears nose and throat (ENT)
Term
palpation
Definition
an examination technique in which the examiner's hands are used to feel the texture, size, consistency, and location of certain body parts
Term
palpitation
Definition
pounding or racing heart
Term
pathology
Definition
the study of all aspects of diseases
Term
phalanges
Definition
the bones of the fingers and toes
Term
poliomyelitis
Definition
a viral infection of the gray matter of the spinal cord
Term
prognosis
Definition
a prediction of the probable cause and outcome of a disorder
Term
prostrate
Definition
means to collapse and be lying flat or to be overcome with exhaustion
Term
pyoderma
Definition

any acute, imflammatory, pus-forming bacterial skin infection

ex. impetigo

Term
pyrosis
Definition
(heartburn) Discomfort due to the regurgitation of stomach acid upward into the esophagus
Term
remission
Definition
the temporary, partial, or complete disappearance of the symptoms of a disease without having achieved a cure
Term
sign
Definition

objective evidence of disease

ex. fever

Term
supination
Definition
the act of rotating the arm so that the palm of the hand is forward or upward
Term
suppuration
Definition
the formation or discharge of pus
Term
supracostal
Definition
above or outside the ribs
Term
symptom
Definition
subjective evidence of a disease, such as pain or headache
Term
syndrome
Definition
set of the signs and symptoms that occur together as part of a specific disease process
Term
tonsillitis
Definition
an imflammation of the tonsils
Term
trauma
Definition
wound or injury
Term
triage
Definition
the medical screening of patients to determine their relative priority of need and the proper place of treatment
Term
viral
Definition
pertaining to a virus
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