Term
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Definition
| A functional group where a terminal carbon is part of a carbonyl group, >C=O, and is bound to a hydroxyl group, -OH, to form a carboxylic acid, RCOOH |
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Term
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Definition
| A molecule containing a carbonyl group, >C=O , that is attached to a hydroxyl group, -OH, with the general formula: RCOOH |
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Term
| Carboxylic acid derivative |
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Definition
| Compound that yields a carboxylic acid on hydrolysis, such as esters, acid anhydrides, acyl chlorides, amides, and nitriles |
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Term
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Definition
| The anion resulting from deprotonation of a carboxylic acid, RCOO‾ ; it is isolated as the salt of the carboxylic acid |
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Term
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Definition
| Compound with two carboxyl groups, -COOH. Also called alkanedioic acid |
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Term
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Definition
| A molecule containing a carbonyl group, >C=O , that is attached to an alcohol group, -OR' , with the general formula RCOOR' , often formed by the reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol with loss of water. Also called carboxylic ester |
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Term
| Carboxylic acid anhydride |
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Definition
| An activated carboxylic acid derivative formed from two acid molecules with loss of a molecule of water; a mixed anhydride is derived from two different carboxylic acid molecules. Also called carboxylic anhydride, or acid anhydride |
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Term
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Definition
| An activated carboxylic acid derivative in which the hydroxyl group of the acid is replaced by a chlorine atom, RCOCl. Also called acid chloride. |
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Definition
| A molecule containing a carbonyl group, >C=O , that is attached to an amino group, -NR2 , with the general formula RCONR2' (R may be hydrogen); often formed by the reaction of a carboxylic acid and an amine, with loss of water |
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Term
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Definition
| A molecule containing a cyano group, -C≡N , with the general formula RCN |
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Term
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Definition
| A compound with a hydroxyl group and a cyano group on the same carbon atom, R2C(OH)(CN), derived by adding HCN to an aldehyde or ketone |
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Term
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Definition
| A reaction in which a carboxylic acid group is introduced in a substrate, such as the addition of CO2 to a Grignard reagent: RMgX + CO2 → RCOOH |
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Term
| Nucleophilic acyl substitution |
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Definition
| Two-stage substitution reaction in which one type of carboxylic acid derivative is converted into another Also called an acyl transfer reaction, or a nucleophilic addition- elimination reaction |
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Term
| Addition-elimination mechanism |
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Definition
| Two-stage mechanism for nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions and nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reactions; in the addition stage, the nucleophile adds to the carbon that bears the leaving group, then in the elimination stage, the leaving group is expelled |
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Term
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Definition
| The acid-catalyzed reaction of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol to give a carboxylic ester and water |
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Term
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Definition
| Substitution of one alkoxy group for another in an ester, which can take place under either acidic or basic conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| Basic hydrolysis of an ester into an alcohol and a carboxylate salt |
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Definition
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Definition
| A compound with two carbonyl groups bound to the same nitrogen atom, RCONHCOR' |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The inorganic, one-carbon dicarboxylic acid, HOCOOH, or H2CO3 |
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Definition
| A diester of carbonic acid, ROCOOR |
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Term
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Definition
| A diamide of carbonic acid, H2NCONH2 |
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Term
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Definition
| A reaction whereby a carboxylic acid loses a carboxyl group as carbon dioxide, CO2 |
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