The discipline of classifying organisms and assigning each organism a universally accepted name.

The classification system in which each species is assigned a two-part scientific name.

A group of closely related species, first part of the scientific name in binomial nomenclature.

Any group or level of organization into which organisms are classified.

A group of genera that share many characteristics.

A group of similar families.

A group of similar orders.

A group of closely related classes.

The largest taxonomic group of the original 7, consisting of closely related phyla.

A method of grouping organisms together according to their evolutionary history.

A trait that appears in recent parts of a lineage, but not in its older members.

A diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms.

A model that uses DNA comparisons to estimate the length of time that two species have been evolving independently.

The most inclusive taxonomic category; larger than a kingdom.

• Bacteria
• Archaea
• Eukarya

• Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls containing peptidoglycans.

• Includes only the kingdom Eubacteria

The kingdom of unicellular prokaryotes whose cell walls are made up of peptidoglycan and can be found living in the soil or as parasites of other organisms.

The domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not contain peptidoglycan.

The kingdom of unicellular prokaryotes whose cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan.

The domain of all organisms whose cells have nuclei, including protists, plants, fungi, and animals.

The kingdom composed of eukaryotes that are not classified as plants, animals, or fungi

The kingdom composed of heterotrophs; many obtain energy and nutrients from dead organic matter.

• Morels
• Truffles
• Mushrooms
• Yeast

The kingdom of multicellular photosynthetic autotrophs that have cell walls containing cellulose.