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chapter 18
G.I system
18
Physiology
Undergraduate 4
05/31/2012

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Cards

Term
Digestive tract functions
Definition

Motility

Secretion

Digestion

Absorption

Storage and Elimination

Immune Barrier

Term
Deglutition
Definition

3 parts

1. oral- muscle of mouth and saliva chew food until it becomes a bolus

2. Pharyngeal- upper esophogeal sphincter relaxes, and uvula lifts to protect nasal passages

3. Esophageal- automatic and controlled by swallowing center of brain stem

Term
mouth pharynx and upper esophagus....
Definition
lined with skeletal muscle and regulated by somatic motor neurons
Term
lower esophagus ...
Definition
lined with smooth muscle and controlled by autonomic nervous system
Term
stomach functions
Definition
storage, churning, digestion, killing food bacteria, moving food into small intestine
Term
stomach regions/components
Definition

cardia-where food enters

fundus-top rounded area

body-bottom end

end of stomach-pyloris/pyloric sphincter

lined with-ruggae

Term
secretions of stomach
Definition

stomach coated with mucus to protect from acid

Parietal cells- HCL and intrinsic factor (absorption of B12 in small intestine)

chief cells- pepsinogen  

 

Term
peptic ulcers
Definition

erosions of the mucosa cause ulcers in the stomach or duodenum

 

helicobacter pylori- reduces mucous barrier in the stomach

Term
small intestine structure
Definition

duodenum

illium

jejunum

Term
small intestine functions
Definition

complete digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats

absorption of nutrients

 

 

Term
Functions of large intestine
Definition

absorption of water, electrolytes, vitamin K and some B vitamins

 

storage of feces

Term
 liver
Definition

largest abdominal organ

very regenerative due to hepatocytes

very permeable

Term
billirubin
Definition

produced in spleen, liver, and bone marrow

not water soluble

derived from iron

Term
Bile acids
Definition

derived from cholesterol

 

Term
gallbladder
Definition
stores and concentrates bile from the liver
Term
pancrease
Definition

endocrine and exocine functions

endocrine-secretes insulin

exocrine-pancreatic juice which becomes secreted into duodenum

Term
bicarbonate
Definition
made from CO2 from the blood
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