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| The smallest particle of an element that can be identified with that element. Consists of protons and neutrons in a nucleus surrounded by electrons. |
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| A substance made of only one kind of atom. Examples of elements are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. |
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| The perpetual random movement of microscopic particles suspended in a fluid medium. |
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| The smallest particle of substance consisting of two or more atoms of the same or different elements bonded together. |
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| A chemical substance made of atoms of two or more different elements combined in a fixed proportion. |
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| A description that uses numbers and symbols of elements to describe the proportions of elements in a compound or reaction. |
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| The positively charged center of an atom, which contains protons and neutrons and has almost all the mass of the entire atom but only a tiny fraction of the volume. |
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| The principal building block of the nucleus; a neutron or a proton |
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| An electrically neutral particle that is one of the two kings of particles found in the nucleus of an atom. |
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| A positively charged particle that is one of the two kings of particles found in the nucleus of an atom. |
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| A form of an element having a particular number of neutrons in the nuclei of its atoms. Different isotopes of a particular element have the same atomic number but different atomic mass numbers. |
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| Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. |
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| An atom (or group of atoms bound together) with a net electric charge, which is due to the loss or gain of electrons. |
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| A model in which the electrons of an atom are pictured as grouped in concentric shells around the nucleus. |
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| A chart that lists elements by atomic number and by electron arrangements, so that elements with similar chemical properties are in the same column. |
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| A fourth phase of matter, in addition to solid, liquid, and gas. In the plasma phase, which exists mainly at high temperature, matter consists of positively charged ions and free electrons. |
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