Term
|
Definition
- the synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors
|
|
|
Term
| Glucose is primary fuel for this |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Glucose is only fuel for this |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Glocose stores are sufficient to meet needs for how long |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Major site of gluconeogenesis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Helps to maintain the blood glucose level |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Converts pyruvate into glucose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 ways noncarbohydrate precursors enter the pathway |
|
Definition
- first being converted into pyruvate
- or by entering at later intermediates
|
|
|
Term
| Major noncarbohydrate precursors of glucose |
|
Definition
- lactate
- amino acids
- glycerol
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- fermentation of lactic acid when rate of glycolysis exceeds rate at which muscles can process pyruvate aerobically
|
|
|
Term
| Enzyme that converts lactate to pyruvate in the liver |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where amino acids are derived from under normal conditions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where amino acids are derived from during periods of starvation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols in fat cells (fatty acids also produced but animals unable to convert to glucose)
|
|
|
Term
| Where glycerol can enter the gluconeogenic pathway |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| glucose conversion to pyruvate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pyruvate conversion to glucose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gluconeogenesis not a complete reversal of glycolysis b/c of this |
|
Definition
- the equilibrium favors pyruvate formation (glycolysis)
|
|
|
Term
| Enzymes that catalyze the 3 irreversible steps of glycolysis |
|
Definition
- hexokinase
- phosphofructokinase
- pyruvate kinase
|
|
|
Term
| 1st step of gluconeogenesis that bypasses an irreversible step of glycolysis |
|
Definition
- phophoenolpyruvate is formed from pyruvate via oxaloacetate
|
|
|
Term
| 2nd step of gluconeogenesis that bypasses an irreversible step of glycolysis |
|
Definition
- Fructose 6-phosphate formed from fuctose 1,6-bisphosphate by hydrolysis
|
|
|
Term
| 3rd step of gluconeogenesis that bypasses an irreversible step of glycolysis |
|
Definition
- glucose is formed from glucose 6-phosphate by hydrolysis. Rxn is catalyzed by glucose 6-phosphate
|
|
|
Term
| Location of the first step of gluconeogenesis |
|
Definition
- inside of the mitochondria
|
|
|
Term
| Catalyzes the formation of oxaloacetate from pyruvate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| formed from pyruvate in gluconeogenesis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| formed from oxaloacetate in gluconeogenesis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| done to oxaloacetate to form phosphoenolpyruvate |
|
Definition
- decarboxylated and phosphorylated by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
|
|
|
Term
| used in formation of phosphoenolpyruvate from oxaloacetate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Required by pyruvate carboxylase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| condition required for biotin to become carboxylated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reason for long flexible link between biotin and pyruvate decarboxylase |
|
Definition
- enables the carboxybiotin to rotate from one active site to another to transfer the carboxyl to form oxaloacetate
|
|
|
