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Chapter 17 Diabetes
Diabetes
48
Medical
Undergraduate 1
02/28/2013

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Term
When you eat (Diabetes)
Definition
When you eat, insulin is secreted from the pancreas. Insulin opens up the cell for sugar.
Term
Hyperglycemia
Definition
Too little insulin, causes the cells to starve for glucose. Cell switch from normal metabolism to abnormal metabolism. It begins to breakdown fat. It begins to create Ketone in the body. Ketone is very acidic. And patient will have a fruity smell to their breath.
Term
Treatment for low blood sugar
Definition
Treatment for low blood sugar Oral glucose. We can give.
Term
Hypoglycemia
Definition
Too much insulin takes all sugar out of the blood stream and into the cell. is deadly, causes low blood sugar.
Term
Hyperglycemia Treatment
Definition
Rapidly transport to the hospital.
Term
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) Pathophysiology, and effects on respiratory system.
Definition
Causes Kussmaul Respirations (Rapid, Deep breaths)
Term
Acidosis
Definition
A pathologic condition that results from the accumulation of acids in the body
Term
High Blood Sugar long term effects
Definition
Blindness, Lose Limbs. Commonly silent MIÕs
Term
Hypoglycemic Crisis Blood Sugar level
Definition
Blood sugar Below 40
Term
Hypoglycemia
Definition
Blood sugar 40-80
Term
Normal Blood Sugar
Definition
Blood sugar 80-120
Term
Hyperglycemia
Definition
Blood sugar 120-400
Term
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) or hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HHNC)
Definition
Blood sugar 400-800
Term
Hyperglycemic Crisis
Definition
Blood sugar 800-up
Term
Hyperglycemia Signs and Symtoms
Definition
Excessive food intake, insufficient insulin dosage, gradual onset, warm and dry skin, Infections are common, Intese thirst, no hunger, vomiting, Rapid, deep breaths, Breath smells sweet, fruity, Blood pressure bormal to low, Pulse Rapid weak thready, Restlessness, possibly progressing to coma; abdormally slurred speech; unsteady gait,
Term
Hyperglycemia Signs symptoms 2
Definition
Kussmaul respirations (rapid, deep respirations), Dehydeation, as indications of dry warm skin "tenting". Sunken eyes. A sweet or fruity odor or the breath, caused by the unusual waste products in the blood (Ketons). A rapid, weak pulse (tready) A normal or slightly low blood pressure. Caruing degrees of unresponsiveness. Weakness, nausea, and vomiting. Polyuria (excessive urination), Polydipsia (excessive thirst), Polyphagia (excessive eating
Term
Hyperglycemia Caused by
Definition
Patient is not under medical treatment, takes an insufficient amount of insulin, overeats, undergoing stress that may cause infection, illness, overexertion, fatugue, or drinking alcohol. Developes over hours or days.
Term
Number one cause of diabetic death in pediatrics
Definition
Cerebral edema caused by hyperglycemia
Term
Hypoglycemia Signs and symptoms
Definition
Normal to shallow or rapid respirations, Pale, moist skin (Clammy) Diaphoresis (sweating), Dizzyness, headache, Rapid pulse, Normal to low blood pressure, altered metal status, (Acting drunk mean, aggressive, confused, lethargic, or unusual behavior.) Anxious or combative behavior, Hunger, Seizure, fainting, or coma, weakness on one side of the body (may mimic stroke) Rapid changes in mental status.
Term
Hypoglysemic Crisis caused by
Definition
Taken too much insulin, Taken a regular dose of insulin but has not eaten enough food,, Had an unusual amount of activity or vigorous exercise and used up all available glucose
Term
Diabetes patients Commonly
Definition
donÕt take their insulin when they get sick and go in to hyperglycemic crisis.
Term
What is required to give oral glucose.
Definition
Patient can hold a glass of water and sip it. Make sure the tube of glucose is intact and has not expired.
Term
Aplastic crisis
Definition
A condition in which the body stops producing red blood cells; typically caused by infection.
Term
Diabetes Mellitus
Definition
A metabolic disorder in which the ability to metabolize carbohydrates(sugars) is impaired, usually because of lack of insulin
Term
Diabetic Keroacidosis (DKA)
Definition
A form of hyperglycemia in uncontrolled diabetes in which certain acids accumulate when insulin is not available.
Term
Endocrine Glands
Definition
Glands that secrete or release chemicals that are used inside the body.
Term
Endocrine System
Definition
Regulates metabolism and maintains bomeostasis
Term
Glucose
Definition
One of the basic Sugars; it is the primary fuel, in conjuction with oxygen, for cellular metabolism.
Term
Hematology
Definition
The Study and prevention of bloo-related disorders
Term
Hemolytic crisis
Definition
A rapid destruction of red blood cells that occurs faster than the body's ability to create new cells.
Term
Hemophilia
Definition
A congential abnormality in which the body is unable to produce clots, which results in uncontrollable bleeding
Term
Hormone
Definition
A chemical Substance produced by a gland that regulates the acticity of organs and tissues.
Term
Hyperglycemia
Definition
An abnormally high glucose level in the blood
Term
Hyperglycemic Crisis
Definition
A state of unconsciousness resulting from several problems, including ketoacidosis, dehydration because of excessive urination, and hyperglycemia.
Term
Hypoglycemia
Definition
An abnormally low glucose level in the blood
Term
Hypoglycemic Crisis
Definition
Sever hypoglycemia resulting in changes in mental status.
Term
insulin
Definition
A hormone produced by the islets of langerhans (endocrine gland located throughout the pancreas) That enables glucose in the blood to enter cells; used in synthetic form to treat diabetes mellitus.
Term
Kussmaul Respirations
Definition
Deep Rapid Breathing; usually the result of an accumulation of certain acids when insulin is not available in the body
Term
Polydipsia
Definition
Excessive thirst that persists for long periods, despite reasonable fluid intake; often the result of excessive urination.
Term
Polyphagia
Definition
Excessive thirst that persist for long periods despite resable fluid intake; often the result of excessive urination.
Term
Polyuria
Definition
The passage of an unusually large volume of urine in a given period; in diabetes this can result from the wasting of glucose in the urine.
Term
Sickle cell disease
Definition
A hereditary disease that cayses normal, round red blood cells to become oblong, or sickle shaped.
Term
Splenic sequestration crisis
Definition
An acute, painful enlargement of the spleen caused by sickle cell disease.
Term
Thrombophilia
Definition
A tendency toward the development of blood clots as a result of an abnormality of the system of coagulation.
Term
Thrombosis
Definition
A blood clot, either in the arterial or venous system
Term
Type 1 Diabetes
Definition
The type of diabetic disease that typically developes in childhood and requires synthetic insulin for proper treatment and control. Do not produce insulin
Term
Typte II Diabetes
Definition
The type of diabetic disease that typically develops in later life and often can ofter be controlled through diet and oral medications. Produce some Insulin. Meidcations Possibly Insulin or other Diabetes Meds. Insulin resistance
Term
Vaso-Occlusive Crisis
Definition
Ischemia and pain caused by sickle shaped cells that obstruct blood flow to a portion of the body.
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