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Chapter 17
Cytoskeleton
31
Biology
Undergraduate 2
07/25/2011

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Term
intermediate filaments length
Definition
10nm
Term
microtubules lengths
Definition
25nm
Term
actin length
Definition
7nm
Term
IF structure
Definition
rope-like; tetramers --> intermediate fiber -->intermediate filament; 32 chains wound together
Term
IF functions
Definition
trengthens cells and connectison between cells; anchors cytoskelton filaments like linking to MT using plectin
Term
cytoplasmic IF
Definition
keratins, desmin, neurofilaments, vimentin
Term
keratins
Definition
strengthens epithelial cells and bind through desmosomes
Term
desmin
Definition
strengthens muscle cell
Term
neurofilaments
Definition
strengthen neurons
Term
vimentin
Definition
strengthens fibroblasts
Term
nuclear lamins
Definition
in the nucleus of ALL cells; mech of lamin proteins under nuclear envelope
Term
MT structure
Definition
less flexible; are very dynamic
Term
gamma tubulin
Definition
at the (-) end of a MT
Term
tubulin
Definition
dimer of alpha and beta tubulin; middle of MT
Term
GTP cap
Definition
on the (+) end of the MT
Term
dynamic instability
Definition
either growing rapidly or collapsing rapidly
Term
MT functions
Definition
binds and moves chromosomes; positions/moves organelles; cilia movement; trafficking
Term
kinesins
Definition
+ end directed
Term
dynein
Definition
- end directed
Term
Actin-regulator proteins (ARP)
Definition
actin promoter; allow for branching
Term
formin
Definition
actin promoter; block profilin
Term
capping enzymes
Definition
actin promoter; keep the actin from growing
Term
gelsolin
Definition
actin inhibitor; cleaves the filament
Term
depolymerizing enzymes
Definition
actin inhibitor; turns the F-actin into G-actin
Term
profilin
Definition
actin inhibitor; inhibits formation of F-actin to G-actin
Term
actin structure
Definition
highly regulated, flexible, thinnest, very dynamic
Term
g-actin
Definition
unpolymerized; is ADP bound
Term
F-actin
Definition
filament form; ouble stranded helix; ATP bound
Term
cell cortex
Definition
mesh under the plasma membrane; strengthens
Term
filopodia
Definition
finger-like
Term
lammelipodia
Definition
sheet-like
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