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Chapter 17
Apoptosis
7
Biology
Undergraduate 4
05/02/2014

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Term
Describe

1. Necrosis
2. Apoptosis
Definition
1. accidental death from injury

2. programmed cell death
a. DNA fragmentation
b. Chromatin condensation
c. Nuclear fragmentation
Term
Describe apoptosis and C. elegans
Definition
-studied mutant genes in worms that did not die

ced-3 and 4 were required for development cell death
ced-9 was negative regulator of apoptosis
*similar to caspases
Term
Describe Caspases

1. Function
Definition
*main proteins involved in apoptosis

1. cysteine C residues at active sites cleave Asp Ac (D) on substrates that mark for apoptosis
-ultimates executioners as they cleave 100 target proteins
Term
Describe Caspases

1. Functions
-Protein targets
Definition
1. DNA fragmentation
-ICAD inhibitor of DNase

2. Fragmentation of nucleus
-nuclear lamins

3. Cell fragmentation, blebbing
-cytoskeletal proeins: actin, myosin, actinin, tubulin

4. Fragmentation of Golgi
-golgi matrix proteins
Term
Describe the function of Apf-1
Definition
1. bind to caspase-9 and activates
2. Apf-1 is activated by cytochrome c and binds to cap-9 to form apoptosome
3. converts procaspase to active caspase-3

*Ced-4
Term
Describe Bcl-2
Definition
-inhibits apoptosis
-high levels in cancer cells

*similar to ced-9
Term
Describe the role of NGF in apoptosis
Definition
NGF=Jesus

1. NGF inhibits Protein Kinase B
Normally...
2. PKB phosphos Bad and Gene Reg Protein
3. Bad normally binds to Bcl-2 to stop Bcl-2 and apop can continue
-Bcl-2 is now free to sequester caspases or cyto C/apaf-1
4. Gene Reg Protein activated and apop genes are expressed
-no phospho= no activation= no apop genes
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