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| Adaptation is a heritable characteristic that increases an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in an environment. |
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| Analogous structure are body parts that share a common function, but not structure. |
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| Artificial selection is selective breeding of plants and animals to promote the occurrence of desirable traits in offspring. |
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| Biogeography is the study of past and present distribution of organisms. |
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| Evolution is change over time; the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms. |
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| Fitness is how well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment. |
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| Fossil is preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms. |
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| Homologous structure are structures that are similar in different species of common ancestry. |
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| Natural selection is the process by which organisms that are most suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called survival of the fittest. |
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| Vestigial Structure is a structure that is inherited from ancestors but has lost much or all of its original function. |
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