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Definition
| the power of courts to declare laws unconstitutional |
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Term
| judicial restraint approach |
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Definition
| the view that judges should decide cases strictly on the basis of the language of the laws & the Constitution |
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Definition
| the view that judges should discern the general principles underlying laws or the Constitution & apply them to modern circumstances |
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Definition
| the lowest federal courts; federal trials can be held only here |
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Definition
| federal courts that hear appeals from district courts; no trials |
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Definition
| courts created by Congress for specialized purposes whose judges do not enjoy the protections of Article III of the Constitution |
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Term
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Definition
| an examination of the political ideology of a nominated judge |
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Term
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Definition
| cases concerning the Constitution, federal laws, or treaties |
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Term
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Definition
| cases involving citizens of different states who can bring suit in federal courts |
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Definition
| an order by a higher court directing a lower court to send up a case for review |
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Definition
| a method whereby a poor person can have his or her case heard in federal court without charge |
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Definition
| a rule that allows a plaintiff to recover costs from the defendant if the plaintiff wins |
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Definition
| the party that initiates a lawsuit |
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Term
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Definition
| a legal rule stating who is authorized to start a lawsuit |
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Definition
| the rule that a citizen cannot sue the government without the government's consent |
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Definition
| a case brought by someone to help him or her & all others who are similarly situated |
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Term
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Definition
| a written statement by an attorney that summarizes a case & the laws & rulings that support it |
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Term
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Definition
| a brief submitted by a "friend of the court" |
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Term
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Definition
| a brief, unsigned court opinion |
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Term
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Definition
| a signed opinion of a majority of the Supreme Court |
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Term
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Definition
| a signed opinion in which one or more members agree with the majority view but for different reasons |
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Term
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Definition
| a signed opinion in which one or more justices disagree with the majority view |
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Term
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Definition
| "let the decision stand," or allowing prior rulings to control the current case |
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Definition
| an issue the Supreme Court will allow the executive & legislative branches decide |
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Term
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Definition
| a judicial order enforcing a right or redressing a wrong |
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