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Chapter 16 & 17
Vocab.
12
Biology
9th Grade
04/11/2013

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Term
evolution
Definition
generally, in biology, the process of change by which new species develop from preexisting species over time; at the genetic level, the process in which inherited characteristics within populations change over time; the process defined by Darwin as “descent with modification”
Term
artificial selection
Definition
the human practice of breeding animals or plants that have certain desired traits
Term
natural selection
Definition
the process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than less well adapted individuals do; a theory to explain the mechanism of evolution
Term
adaptation
Definition
the process of becoming adapted to an environment; an anatomical, physiological, or behavioral change that improves a population's ability to survive
Term
fossil
Definition
the trace or remains of an organism that lived long ago, most commonly preserved in sedimentary rock
Term
homologous
Definition
describes a character that is shared by a group of species because it is inherited from a common ancestor
Term
speciation
Definition
the formation of new species as a result of evolution
Term
population genetics
Definition
the study of the frequency and interaction of alleles and genes in populations
Term
normal distribution
Definition
a distribution of numerical data whose graph forms a bell-shaped curve that is symmetrical about the mean
Term
genetic equilibrium
Definition
a state in which the allele frequencies of a population remain in the same ratios from one generation to the next
Term
reproductive isolation
Definition
a state in which a particular set of populations can no longer interbreed to produce future generations of offspring
Term
subspecies
Definition
a taxonomic classification below species that groups organisms that live in different geographical areas, differ morphologically from other populations of the species, but can interbreed with other populations of the species
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