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Definition
| the conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell; a change in genotype and phenotype due to assimilation of external DNA by a cell |
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| a virus that infects bacteria, also called a phage |
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| the form of native DNA, referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape |
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Definition
| type of DNA replication in which the replicated double helix consists of one old strand, derived from the old molecule, and one newly made strand |
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Definition
| a Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing |
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Definition
| an enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication fork |
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Definition
| isomerase enzymes that act on the topology of DNA |
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Definition
| an already existing RNA chain bound to template DNA to which DNA nucleotides are added during DNA synthesis |
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Definition
| an enzyme that joins RNA nucleotides to make the primer |
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Definition
| an enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain |
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Definition
| the new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along the template strand in the mandatory 5' --> 3' direction |
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Definition
| a discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates in a direction away from the replication fork |
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Term
| sense strand (coding strand) |
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Definition
| the DNA strand with the same sequence as the transcribed mRNA and containing the linear array of codons which interact with anticodons of the tRNA during translation to give the primary sequence of a protein |
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| nonsense strand (non-coding strand) |
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Definition
| the strand that is not translated into mRNA |
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Definition
| DNA sequences, 100 to 200 nucleotides long, synthesized on the lagging strand of DNA in DNA replication, form a continuous strand |
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Definition
| a linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 3' end of a new DNA fragment to the 5' end of a growing chain |
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Definition
| the cellular process that uses special enyzmes to fix incorrectly paired nucleotides |
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Definition
| a team of enzymes that hydrolyze DNA and RNA into the component nucleotides |
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| nucleotide excision repair |
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Definition
| the process of removing and then correctly replacing a damaged segment of DNA using the undamaged strand as a guide |
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Definition
| the protective structures at each end of eukaryotic chromosomes. Specifically, the tandemly repetitive DNA at the end of the chromosomes DNA molecule |
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Definition
| an enzyme that catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres. The enzyme includes a molecule of RNA that serves as a template for a new telomere segment |
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Definition
| a dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell |
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Definition
| the basic, beadlike unit of DNA packaging in eukaryotes, consisting of a segment of DNA wound around a protein core composed of two copies of each four types of histones |
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Definition
| the complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome |
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