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| change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell |
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| viruses that infect bacteria |
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| when a double helix replicates each of the two daughter molecules will have one old strand derived from the parent molecule and one newly made strand |
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| where replication of DNA molecule begins |
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| y-shaped region where new strands of DNA are elongating |
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| enzymes that catalyze new DNA at a replication fork |
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| polymerase nestles in the replication fork, moving along the template strand as the fork progresses |
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| when polymerase must work along the template away from the replication fork |
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| enzyme that joins okazaki fragments into a single DNA strand |
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| original, preexisting chain |
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| enzyme that joins RNA nucleotides to make the primer |
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| enzyme that untwists the double helix at the replication fork separating the two old strands |
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| DNA repair mechanism; fixes mistakes that are made when DNA is copied |
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| type of repair that involves filling the gap are a DNA polymerase and ligase |
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| DNA consists of multiple repetitions of one short nucleotide sequence |
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| special enzyme that catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres |
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