Term
|
Definition
| the process of converting archived information into molecules that actually do things in the cell |
|
|
Term
| knock-out/null/loss-of-function alleles |
|
Definition
| alleles that do not function at all |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any technique for picking certain types of mutants out of many randomly generated mutants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carry information out of the nucleus from DNA to the site of protein synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| polymerizes ribonucleotides into strands of RNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of copying hereditary information in DNA to RNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of using the information in nucleic acids to synthesize proteins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| synthesizes a DNA version of the RNA genes; information flows from RNA to DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the rules that specify the relationship between a sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA & the sequence of amino acids in a protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a group of three bases that specifies a particular amino acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| signals that protein synthesis should begin at that point on the mRNA molecule |
|
|
Term
| stop codons/UAA, UAG, UGA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 5 important properties of the genetic code |
|
Definition
1. redundant
2. unambiguous
3. non-overlapping
4. nearly universal
5. conservative |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any permanent change in an organism's DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| point mutations that cause a change in the amino acid specified by the codon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a point mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence of the gene product |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a single addition or deletion mutation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a codon that specifies an amino acid is changed by mutation to one that specifies a stop codon |
|
|
Term
| 3 categories of mutations |
|
Definition
1. beneficial
2. neutral
3. deleterious |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| segments of chromosomes are flipped & rejoined |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| segments of chromosomes become attached to a different chromosome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when a segment of a chromosome is lost |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when additional copies of a segment are present |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the complete set of chromosomes in a cell |
|
|
