Term
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Definition
| Lack of resistance to a disease |
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Term
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Definition
| Ability to ward off disease |
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Term
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Definition
Defenses that you are born with fights against any pathogen |
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Term
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Definition
| Immunity, resistance to a specific pathogen. This is something that is acquire over a life time. |
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Term
| What are the lines of defense for "Innate immunity"? |
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Definition
1st line of defense 2nd line of defense |
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Term
What line of defense is "adaptive" immunity |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Defense Specialized lymphocytes T cells and B cells antibodies
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Definition
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Term
What physical factor has tightly packed cells with keratin which provides a protective layer |
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Definition
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Term
What are some physical factors? |
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Definition
Skin Mucous membrane ciliary escalator lacrimal apparatus saliva urine vaginal secretions
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Microbes trapped in mucous are transported away from the lungs |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some chemical factors? |
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Definition
Fungistatic fatty acid in sebum low Ph (3 - 5) of skin Lysozyme in perspiration, tears, saliva Low ph ( 1-3) of gastric juice Transferrins in blood find iron inhibits ATP production
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Term
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Definition
| It helps bind iron together in the blood so that there isnt iron available for pathogens to use it to grow |
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Term
These microbes compete with invading pathogens |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 2 formed elements in the blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 5 types of White blood cells? |
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Definition
- Neutrophils
- Basophils
- Eosinophils
- Monocytes
- Lymphocytes
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Term
| What are the 3 types of Lymphocytes? |
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Definition
Natural killer cells T cells B cells
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Term
What is the largest White blood cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the smallest White blood cell? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
These are toxic to parasites and some are phagocytic |
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Definition
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Term
| These cells initiate adaptive immune response |
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Definition
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Term
These are phagocytic as mature macrophages. |
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Definition
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Term
| Where can macrophages be located in? |
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Definition
1) in areas of lungs, live, bronchi 2) wandering in tissues |
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Term
these are involved in specific immunity |
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Definition
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Term
What does Phagocytosis mean in greek? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The ingestion of microbes or particles of a cell, performed by phagocytes |
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Term
| What are some microbial evasion of phagocytosis? |
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Definition
inhibit adherence: m protein, capsule kill phagocytes: leukocidens lyse phagocytes: membrane attack complex escape phagosome prevent phagosome-lysosome fusion survive in phagolysosome
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Term
What are signs and symptoms of inflammation? |
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Definition
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Term
What are 4 chemicals released by damage cells? |
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Definition
Histamine kinins prostoglandins leukotrienes
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Term
Vasodilation, increased permeability of blood vessels |
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Definition
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Term
| The hypothalamus normally sets the body temperature at ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Gram negative endotoxin cause phagoctyes to release ______? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the hypothalamus release in order to reset the hypothalamus to a high temperature? |
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Definition
| The hypothalamus releases prostoglandin in order to reset the hypothalamus to a higher temperature |
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Term
| How does the body alone raise temperature? |
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Definition
| by increasing rate of metabolism and shivering |
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Term
| What are the advantages of a fever? |
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Definition
1) increase transferrins 2) increase IL - 1 activity |
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Term
| What are the disadvantages of a fever? |
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Definition
1) tachycardia 2) acidosis - an increase of acidity 3) dehydration |
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Term
| What is the complement system? |
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Definition
| a biochemical cascade of proteins that helps clear pathogens. A protein activates another protein which activates another and so on... |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the effects of complement activation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some factors that bacteria can evade complement? |
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Definition
Capsule prevents C activation surface lilpid-carbohydrates prevent MAC formation Enzymatic digestion of C5a
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Term
| WHat are interferons? (IFN) |
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Definition
| These are natural proteins produce by the cells of the immune system. It consist of alpha IFN, beta IFN, gamma IFN |
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Term
| Cause cells to produce antiviral proteins that inhibit viral replication |
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Definition
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Term
| Cause neutrophils and macrophages to phagocytize bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some innate immunity? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do antimicrobial peptides do? |
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Definition
| they lyse bacterial cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Pro-flammatory cytokines that induce fever, etc. |
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