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| Which branch of psychology is most directly concerned with the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another? |
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Definition
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| Attribution theory was designed to account for |
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Definition
| D) how people explain others' behavior |
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Term
| A person's behavior is most likely to be consistent with his or her attitudes when |
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Definition
| B) external influences on behavior are minimal |
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| Philip Zimbardo devised a simulated prison and randomly assigned college students to serve as prisoners or guards. This experiment best illustrated the impact of |
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Definition
| D) role-playing on attitudes |
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Term
| Having observed participants in his simulated prison study. Philip Zimbardo offered an explanation for the destructive behavior of U.S. military guards at Iraq's Abu Ghraib Prison. Zimbardo's explanation best exemplified |
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Definition
| C) a situational attribution |
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| The discomfort we feel when two thoughts are inconsistent is called |
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Definition
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| Adjusting one's behavior or thinking toward a group standard is called |
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Definition
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| Research participants believed that the Asch conformity test involved a study of |
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Definition
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Term
| Solomon Asch reported that individuals conformed to a group's judgment of the lengths of lines |
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Definition
| B) even when the group judgment was clearly incorrect |
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Term
| Participants in the Milgram obedience studies were ordered to |
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Definition
| C) deliver electric shocks to a learner for giving incorrect answers |
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Term
| Most people are likely to be surprised by the results of Milgram's initial obedience experiment because |
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Definition
| C) the "teachers" were more obedient than most people would have predicted |
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Term
| According to Milgram, the most fundamental lesson to be learned from his study of obedience is that |
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Definition
| B) even ordinary people, who are not usually hostile, can become agents of destruction |
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Term
| Prejudice is best defined as |
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Definition
| B) an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members |
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Term
| Overgeneralized beliefs about a group of people that often underlie prejudicial emotions are called |
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Definition
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| Studies of implicit attitudes indicate that prejudice is often |
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Definition
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Term
| Prejudice can be not only subtle but also automatic and unconscious. This is best illustrated in studies of |
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Definition
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Term
| Most children believe their school is better than the other schools in town. This best illustrates |
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Definition
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Term
| The Y chromosome is the most well-known genetic marker identifying those who are most likely to |
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Definition
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Term
| Violent pornographic movies often perpetuate the myth that |
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Definition
| A) many women enjoy aggressive sexual encounters |
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Term
| In contrast to watching violence on television, participating in violent video games involves |
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Definition
| B) role-playing aggression |
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Term
| Darley and Latane observed that most university students failed to help a person ahving an epileptic seizure when they thought there were four other witnesses to the emergency. The students' failure to help is best explained in terms of |
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Definition
| D) a diffusion of responsibility |
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Term
| The bystander effect refers to the tendency for an observer of an emergency to withhold aid if the |
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Definition
| C) emergency is being observed by a number of other people |
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