Term
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Definition
| behavior that is incited to achieve a goal |
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Term
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Definition
| the biosynthesis of organic molecules from nutritive precursors; also called anabolic metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
| the breaking down of complex nutrient molecules into simpler molecules; also called catabolic metabolism |
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Definition
| a state of positive energy balance in which energy intake and storage exceed energy expenditure, resulting in an increase in body fat |
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Term
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Definition
| a state of negative energy balance in which energy intake fails to meet the body's demands, resulting in a loss of fat tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| a hypothesis proposing that body fat is maintained homeostatically at a specific level |
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Term
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Definition
| a protein hormone released by adipocytes (fat cells) that communicates with neurons of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus |
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Term
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Definition
| a state of negative energy balance in which energy expenditure exceeds energy intake |
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Term
| lateral hypothalamic syndrome |
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Definition
| anorexia associated with lesions of the lateral hypothalamic area that might be involved in guiding eye movements and that play a role in working memory |
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Term
| ventromedial hypothalamic syndrome |
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Definition
| obesity associated with lesions of the lateral hypothalamic area |
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Term
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Definition
| a nucleus in the periventricular area of the hypothalamus containing a large number of neurons sensitive to changes in leptin levels, contributing to the regulation of energy balance |
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Term
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Definition
| a region of the hypothalamus involved in the regulation of the autonomic nervous system and in controlling the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone from the anterior pituitary |
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Term
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Definition
| a neuroactive peptide that acts to inhibit feeding behavior; examples are cholecystokinin (CCK), alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alphaMSH), and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide (CART) |
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Term
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Definition
| a neuroactive peptide that stimulates feeding behavior; examples are neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti-related peptide (AgRP), melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), and orexin |
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Term
| lateral hypothalamic area |
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Definition
| a poorly defined region of the hypothalamus that has been implicated in the motivation of behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| a factor that reduces the drive to eat without causing sickness; examples are gastric distension and cholecystokinin released by the intestinal cells in response to food |
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Term
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Definition
| a peptide secreted by cells in the stomach that stimulates appetite by activating orexigenic neurons in the hypothalamus |
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Term
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Definition
| cranial nerve X, arising from the medulla and innervating the viscera of the thoracic and abdominal cavities; a major source of preganglionic parasympathetic visceromotor axons |
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Term
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Definition
| a peptide found within some neurons of the central and peripheral nervous systems and in some endothelial cells lining the upper gastrointestinal tract; a satiety signal that inhibits feeding behavior, in part, by acting on axons of the vagus nerve that respond to gastric distention |
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Term
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Definition
| a hormone released by the beta cells of the pancreas; regulates blood glucose levels by controlling the expression of glucose transporters in the plasma membrane of the non-neuronal cells |
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Term
| electrical self-stimulation |
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Definition
| electrical stimulation that an animal can voluntarily deliver to a portion of its brain |
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Term
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Definition
| a psychiatric disorder characterized by an obsession with food, an intense fear of gaining weight, and voluntary maintenance of weight at below normal levels |
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Term
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Definition
| a psychiatric disorder characterized by large, uncontrolled eating binges followed by compensatory behavior, such as forced vomiting |
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Term
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Definition
| the motivation to drink water as a result of decrease in blood volume |
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Term
| vascular organ of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) |
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Definition
| a specialized region of the hypothalamus containing neurons that are sensitive to blood tonicity; they activate magnocellular neurosecretory cells to release vasopressin into the blood, triggering osometric thirst |
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Term
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Definition
| the motivation to drink water as a result of an increase in blood tonicity |
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