Term
| How many countries exist that are not involved in some multinational association? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are efforts by three or more states to forge associations for mutual benefit and in pursuit of shared goals? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many major supranational organizations are there today? |
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Definition
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Term
| Many of the major supranational organizations have subsidiaries which brings the total number to what? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: The more states participate in such multilateral associations, the less likely they are to act alone in pursuit of a self-interest that might put them at odds with neighbors. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are designed to induce states to change their behavior? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the 1980's sanctions were implemented where to put pressure on its minority government to abolish its apartheid policies? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is needed for sanctions to succeed? |
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Definition
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Term
| In cases of international sanctions where agreement is reached, it is a what? |
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Definition
| Consequence of supranationalism |
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Term
| The modern beginnings of the supranational movement can be traced to the conferences that followed the end of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The concept of an international organization includes how many states? |
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Definition
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Term
| International organization led to the creation of what? |
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Definition
| League of Nations in 1919 |
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Term
| How many states were involved in the League of Nations and what state didn't join? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| When did Costa Rica and Brazil leave the League of Nations? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| When did Germany depart from the League of Nations? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| When did the Soviet Union join the League of Nations? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| When did the League of Nations collapse? |
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Definition
| Beginning of World War II |
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Term
| What was created from the League of Nations, to adjudicate legal issues between states? |
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Definition
| Permanent Court of International Justice |
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Term
| When was the United Nations formed? |
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Definition
| After the end of World War II |
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Term
| T/F: The representations of countries in the United Nations has been more universal than it was in the League of Nations. |
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Definition
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Term
| In 2002 the United Nations had how many member states? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What has overshadowed the cooperative efforts of numerous less visible but enormously productive subsidiaries? |
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Definition
| United Nations General Assembly and Security Council |
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Term
| Does the United Nations have its own armed force? |
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Definition
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Term
| Since 1994, UN peacekeeping operations have faced one of their most difficult challenges where? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who is involved in the Yugoslavian civil war? |
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Definition
| Serbs, Croats, Muslims (chiefly in Bosnia) |
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Term
| By the middle of 2001, how many peacekeeping troops from some 80 UN member states were serving in a variety of places? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What did UN create in 1991? |
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Definition
| Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO) |
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Term
| By 2002 how many members and how many applicants were apart of UNPO? |
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Definition
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Term
| What four states (formerly a part of UNPO) are now part of UN? |
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Definition
| Armenia, Estonia, Latvia, Georgia |
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Term
| T/F: UNPO itself can solve the problems of stateless or otherwise "unheard" peoples. |
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Definition
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Term
| What year was it when a United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea was achieved? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where did national claims to adjacent water originate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What scholar is credited with a first formal proposal that states should be awarded sovereignty over a strip of water next to their coastlines? |
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Definition
| 14th century Italian scholar |
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Term
| What was one suggestion on how far off the coast should be? |
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Definition
| The distance a cannon ball could be fired |
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Term
| What length of territorial sea did Western European countries like? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are maritime distances measured in and what is their distance ratio? |
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Definition
| Nautical miles; 1.15 statute miles equal 1 nautical mile |
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Term
| What length of territorial sea did Scandinavian countries like? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What length of territorial sea did Mediterranean states like? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What does "high seas" mean? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What country proposed widening the territorial sea to and unheard-of 12 nautical miles? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What happened in September of 1945? |
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Definition
| President Truman issued two proclamations pertaining to territorial waters |
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Term
| The Truman Proclamation specified the the U.S. had jurisdiction over the continental shelf and its contents would be limited to the region within what distance? |
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Definition
| 600 feet isobath (line connecting points of equal depth) |
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Term
| The Truman Proclamation secondly reconfirmed that what would remain open? |
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Definition
| High seas above the continental shelf |
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Term
| What country has the largest eastern continental shelf? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The U.S. gained how much more land from the Truman Proclamation? |
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Definition
| more than 2.5 million square kilometers (900,000 square miles) |
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Term
| In 1946, what country announced that it claimed not only its wide continental shelf but also the waters lying above it? |
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Definition
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Term
| States without extensive continental shelves began to follow Argentina's example, and claimed how much territorial sea? |
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Definition
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Term
| In 1947, what two countries took the lead, proclaiming that their seaward boundaries henceforth lay 200 miles into the Pacific Ocean? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What two countries claimed 12 miles when of sea land when 3 miles was still the general rule? |
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Definition
| former Soviet Union and China |
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Term
| What was convened in 1958? |
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Definition
| first United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS I) |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What year was UNCLOS III? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Out of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd UNCLOS which one was successful? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| When UNCLOS III ended, how many countries opposed it and how many how many states signed it? |
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Definition
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Term
| When UNCLOS III ended, how many countries opposed it and how many how many states signed it? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What two key provisions were in the UNCLOS III? |
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Definition
| The Territorial Sea and The Exclusive Economic Zone |
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Term
| UNCLOS III permits states to delimit their territorial seas how far? |
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Definition
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Term
| UNCLOS III recognizes a state's economic right up to how far? |
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Definition
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Term
| UNCLOS III says, about a state's economic right, if the continental shelf extends beyond 200 nautical miles from the shore, the coastal states has exclusive right to the resources it contains up to how far? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| In 1994 what was accepted? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens when countries lie closer than 400 nautical miles to each other, so that neither can have a full 200-mile EEZ? |
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Definition
| Median-Line Principle takes effect |
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Term
| What is an example of what can be accomplished when states choose to cooperate for the common good? |
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Definition
| The UN-sponsored conferences that led to the 1982 treaty rank among the great achievements of international diplomacy |
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Term
| The past how many years have been a period of growing cultural-regional awareness and assertiveness and intensifying economic competition? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| In 2001, how many multinational unions were there? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where were the first major experiments in interstate cooperation undertaken? |
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Definition
| Europe; Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg were leading the way |
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Term
| What do people in North Belgium speak? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What do people in Luxembourg and South Belgium speak? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Before the end of WWI the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Belgium met in London and signed an agreement of cooperation, which is known as what? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In 1947 who proposed that the United States finance a European recovery program? |
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Definition
| U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall |
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Term
| From 1948 to 1952 the United States gave Europe how much money under the Marshall Plan? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Out of the original 16 states (Western Europe states) what organization was born? |
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Definition
| Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) |
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Term
| What country proposed the creation of a European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The European Coal and Steel Community had a goal involving what six mainland primary producers? |
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Definition
| France, West Germany, Italy, and 3 Benelux countries |
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Term
| In 1958, the European Economic Community was created and also called what? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What year did Denmark, Ireland, and the United Kingdom join the European Economic Community? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What year did Greece join the European Economic Community? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What year did Spain and Portugal join the European Economic Community? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What did the European Economic Community (Common Market) eventually become known as? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| By the 1980's the EC had how many members? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What year did the European Union form? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What did the total number of members of the European Union eventually become? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What was a major stumbling block of the EU's unification program? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the late 1990's the EU began preparing for the establishment of a single currency which became what? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What date were Euro coins and notes introduced? |
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Definition
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Term
| What country is the most populous and economically powerful of the EU's members? |
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Definition
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Term
| What country at first voted no and yes in the second round on the ability to hold referendums allowing all eligible citizens to vote on participation? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What country didn't vote on the holding referendums allowing all eligible citizens to vote on participation? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What direction is EU expanding? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In 1997, the EU authorized the initiation of membership negotiations with what 6 prospective members? |
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Definition
| Estonia, Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovenia, and Cyprus |
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Term
| What country is the link between the EU and the Muslim World? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| A referendum in Greece showed that what percent of voters were opposed to Turkey's admission in the EU? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| In what year was Turkey's membership to the UN denied? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Many of the goals of the expansion of the EU are were set where and when? |
|
Definition
| meeting in the Dutch town Maastricht in 1992 |
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Term
| The EU, originated in efforts to reduce what? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| When was NAFTA formalized? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 goals of the EU? |
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Definition
| The lowering and eventual elimination of trade barriers, free movement of labor, a centralized fiscal policy, a coordinated foreign policy |
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Term
| What 2 major supranational groups have been established in South America? |
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Definition
| Andean Group and Southern Core Community Market (MERCOSUR) |
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|
Term
| What countries does the Andean Group link? |
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Definition
| Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia |
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Term
| What countries does MERCOSUR consist of? |
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Definition
| Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay |
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|
Term
| What 2 countries are on track to join MERCOSUR? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the Economic Community of West African States support? |
|
Definition
| Economic cooperation and integration, joint development efforts, a reduction in tariff and other barriers in West Africa |
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Term
| What are the main motives for supranational cooperation? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of alliance was the North Atlantic Treaty Organization? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The Warsaw Treaty combined what two things in an opposing military alliance? |
|
Definition
| USSR and its Eastern European satellites |
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|
Term
| The growth of NATO was a major concern to what country? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the African Union often described as? |
|
Definition
| A cultural alliance to promote shared goals and resolve disputes |
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|
Term
| What is the Arab League a multinational alliance of? |
|
Definition
| Muslim states in North Africa and Southwest Asia |
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|
Term
| What year was the Arab League founded? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Europe's Parliament is the what of the EU's overall unification effort? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Political Unions tend to be what? |
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Definition
| Short-lived or inconsequential |
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|
Term
| The many manifestations of supranationalism all point to what one important reality? |
|
Definition
| The sovereign state alone cannot meet all the needs of its people in modern times |
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