You are caring for a semiconscious man with left-sided paralysis. His airway is patent and his respirations are 14 breaths/min with adequate tidal volume. Treatment for this patient should include:

A. oxygen via a nonbreathing mask, left lateral recumbent position, and transport

B. an oral airway, assisted ventilation with a bag-mask device, Fowler's position, and transport

C. oxygen via a nonbreathing mask, supine postion with legs elevated 6" to 12", and transport

D. assisted ventilation with a bag-mask device, right lateral recumbent postion, and trasport

Which of the following MOST accurately describes the cause of an ischemic stroke?

A. rupture of a cerebral artery

B. norrowing of a carotid artery

C. blockage of a cerebral artery

D. acute atherosclerotic disease

The spinal cord exits the cranium through the:

A. foramen magnum

B. foramen lamina

C. cauda equina

D. vertebral foramen

When obtaining medical history information from the family of a suspected stroke patient, it is MOSt important to determine:

A. the patient's medication compliance

B. if the patient has been hospitalized before

C. when the patient last appeared normal

D. if there is a family history of a stroke

Status epilepticus is characterized by:

A. profound tachycardia and total muscle flaccidity

B. an absence seizure that is not preceded by an aura.

C. generalized seizures that last less than 5 minute.

D. prolonged seizures without a return of consciousness

Which of the following is NOT an assessment parameter included in the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale?

A. arm drift

B. speech

C. facial droop

D. memory

A patient whose speech is slurred and difficult to understand is experiencing:

A. aphasia

B. paraplegia

C. dysarthria

D. dyspagia

Law enforcement has summoned you to a nightclub, where a 22-year old female was found unconscious in an adjacent alley, You primary assessment reveals that her respirations are rapid and shallow and her pulse is rapid and weak. She is wearing a medical alert bracelet that identifies her as epileptic. There is an empty bottle of vodka next to the patient. You should:

A. place a bite block in her mouth in case she has a seizure and transport at once

B. apply oxygen via a nonbreathing mask, place her on her left side, and transport

C. apply oxygen via nonbreathing mask and trasport her for a blood-alcohol test

D. assist ventilations, perform a rapid scan exam, and prepare for immediate transport

The most basic functions of the body, such as breathing, blood pressure, and swallowing, are controlled by the:

A. cerebrum

B. cerebellum

C. brain stem

D. cerebral cortex

You are caring for a 70-year-old female with signs and symptoms of an acute stroke. She is conscious, has secretions in her mouth, and is breathing at a normal rate with adequate depth. You should;

A. place her on her side and prepare for rapid transport

B. insert an oral airway, apply oxygen, and transport

C. suction her oropharynx and apply 100% oxygen

D. use a bag-mask device to assist her ventilations

A __________ is typically characterized by unconsiousness and a generalized severe twitching of all of the body's muscles that lasts several minutes or longer.

A. stroke

B. postical state

C. simple partial seizure

D. generalized seizure

The _________ controls the most basic functions of the body, such as breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and pupil constriction.

A. brain stem

B. cerebellum

C. cerebrum

D. spinal cord

At each vertebra in the neck and back, _________ nerves, called spinal nerves, branch out from the spinal cord and carry signals to and from the body.

A. two

B. three

C. four

D. five

All of the following are associated with altered mental status EXCEPT:

A. coma

B. seizure

C. incontinence

D. intoxication

When blood flow to a particular part of the brain is cut off by a blockage inside a blood vessel, the result is:

A. a hemorrhagic stoke

B. atherosclerosis

C. an ischemic stroke

D. a cerebral embolism

Patients who are at the highest risk of hemorrhagic stoke are those who have:

A. untreated hypertension

B. an aneurysm

C. a berry aneurysm

D. atherosclerosis

Patients with a subarachnoid hemorrhage typically complain of a sudden severe:

A. bout of dizziness

B. headache

C. altered mental status

D. thirst

The plaque that builds up in athersclerosis obstructs blood flow and interferes with the vessel's ability to:

A. constrict

B. dilate

C. diffuse

D. exchange gases

A TIA, or mini-stroke, is the name given to a stoke when symptoms go away on their own in less than:

A. half an hour

B. 1 hour

C. 12 hours

D. 24 hours

Patients with a decreased level of consciousness:

A. should not be given anything by mouth

B. should be given glucose regardless of the underlying condition

C. do not require medical care

D. require immediate assessment of their pupils

Hypoglycemia can mimic conditions such as:

A. cystic fibrosis

B. myocardial infarction

C. high fevers

D. stroke

When assessing a patient with a history of seizure activity, it is important to:

A. determine whether this episode differs from any previous ones.

B. ask if the patient has had any recent surgeries.

C. assess whether the patient has swallowed his or her tongue.

D. ask whether anyone else in the household has had a seizure

Signs and symptoms of possible seizure activity include all the following EXCEPT:

A. altered mental status

B. incontinence

C. muscle rigidity and twitching

D. petechiae

Common causes of altered mental status include all of the following EXCEPT:

A. body temperature abnormalities

B. hypoxia

C. unequal pupils

D. hypoglycemia

The principal differance between a patient who has had a stroke and a patient with hypoglycemia almost always has to do with the:

A. papillary response

B. mental status

C. blood pressure

D. capillary refill time

Consider the possibility of ___________ in a patient who has had a seizure.

A. hyperkalemia

B. hyperglycemia

C. hypoglycemia

D. hypertension

_________ are the second most common type of headache and are though to be caused by changes in blood vessel size in the base of the brain.

A. Sinus headaches

B. Tension headaches

C. Migraine headaches

D. Compression headaches

Headache, vommiting, altered mental status, and seizures are all considered early signs of:

A. increased intracranial pressure

B. decreased intracranial pressure

C. increased extracranial pressure

D. decrease extracranial pressure

People with ___________ have higher risk of hemorrhagis stroke.

A. uncontrolled hyperglycemia

B. uncontrolled hypertension

C. high fevers

D. meningitis

Headaches caused by muscle contractions in the head and neck are typically associated with:

A. sinus headaches

B. migraine headaches

C. compression headaches

D. tension headaches

The following conditions may stimulate a stoke EXCEPT:

A. hyperglycemia

B. a postictal state

C. hypoglycemia

D. subdural bleeding

When assessing a patient with a possible CVA, you should check the _________ first.

A. pulse

B. airway

C. pupils

D. blood pressure

A __________ is usually a warning sign that a larger, significant stoke may occur in the future.

A. heart attack

B. seizure

C. transient ischemic attack

D. migraine headache

Which mnemonic is used to check a patient's mental status?

A. OPQRST

B. SAMPLE

C. AVPU

D. PEARRL

True or False

The postictal state following a seizure commonly last only about 3 to 5 minutes.

True or False

A low oxygen level can affect the entire brain often causing anxiety, restlessness, and confusion.

True or False

Febrile seizures result from sudden high fevers and are generally well tolerated by children.

True or False

Hemiparesis is the inability to speak or understand speech.

True or False

Patients with migraine headaches are sometimes sensitive to light and sound.

True or False

Right-sided facial droop is most likely an indication of a problem in the right cerebral hemisphere.

True or False

Serious conditions that include headache as a symptom are hemorrhagic stroke, braing tumors, and meningitis. 

True or False

A cerebral embolism is an obstruction of a cerebral artery caused by a clot that was formed somewhere else and traveled to the brain.

True or False

Hemorrhagic stroke is the most common type of stroke.

True or False

Patients with a stroke affecting the right hemisphere of the brain can usually understand language, but their speech may be slurred.

True or False

Patients who have bleeding in their brain may have very low blood pressures.

True or False

All seizures involve muscle twitching and general convulsions.

True or False

A patient having a seizure may become cyanotic from lack of oxygen.

True or False

Patients with a decreased level of consciousness should not be given anything by mouth.

True or False

Hyperglycemia should be considered in a patient following an MVC with an altered mental status.

True or False

Psychological problems and complications of medications can cause altered mental status.

True or False

Patients who have had a stroke can lose their airway or stop breathing without warning.

True or False

You should wait until you get an accurate pulse oximeter reading on a seizure patient before administering oxygen.

True or False

Letting the hospital know the specifics regarding the patient's neurologic symptoms is generally not important.

True or False

A key piece of information to document is the time of onset of the patient's signs and symptoms.

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There are ________ cranial nerves.

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Playing the piano is coordinated by the _____________.

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The two main typse of strokes are _________ and _________.

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The brain is most sensitive to ______________, ____________, and _____________ levels.

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An incident in which you have more than one patient complaining of a headache may indicate _________

_________ ________.

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A(n) ____________ ____________ seizure may cause twitching of the extremity muscle that may spread slowly to another body part.

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Each hemisphereof the cerebrum controls activities on the ________ side of the body.

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Complex partial seizures result from abnormal discharges from the __________ lobe of the brain.

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__________ is a loss of bowel and bladder control and can be due to a generalized seizure.

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Dilantin and Tegretol are medicines used to control ___________ _________. 

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A period following a seizure in which the muscles relax and the breathing becomes labored is called a(n) __________ ___________.

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Weakness on one side of the body is known as ____________.

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A person who was eating prior to having a seizure may have a(n) _____________ ____________ ___________.

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All patient's with an altered mental status should have a(n) _____________ _____________ __________ score calculated.

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___________ ____________ may reverse stroke symptoms and even stop the stroke if given within 2 to 3 hours onset of symptoms.