Adam's Apple

Protrusion in the neck caused by a fold of thyroid cartilage

Adenohypophysis

Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Adrenal Cortex

Outesr portion of the adrenal gland; helps control metabolism, inflammations, sodium and potassium retention, and effect of stress

Adrenal Gland

One of two glands, each of which is settled on top of a kidney

Adrenaline

Epinephrine; secreted by the adrenal medulla

Adrenal medulla

Inner portion of adrenal glands; releases large quantities of hormones during stress

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary; involved in the control of the adrenal cortex

Aldosterone

Hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; mineralocorticoid

Alpha Cells

Specialized cells that produce glucagon in th pancreas

Androgen

Any male hormone, such as testosterone

Antidiruretic Hormone

Posterior pituitaary hormone that increases water reabsorption

Beta Cells

Specialized cells that prodice insulin in the pancreas

Calcitonin

Hormone secreted by the thyroid gland and other endocrine glands; helps control blood calcium levels

Catecholamines

Hormones, such as epinephrine, releaseed in times of stress

Corticosteroids

Steroids produced by the adrenal cortex

Cortisol

Hydrocortisone

Ductless gland

Endocrine gland

Electrolyte

Any substance that conducts electricity and is decomposed by it

Endocrine Gland

Gland that secretes substances into the blood stream instead of into the ducts

Epinephrine

Hormone released by the adrenal medulla in response to stress; adrenaline

Exocrine Gland

Any gland that releases substances through ducts into a specific location

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Hormone released by the anterior pituitary to aid in production of ova and sperm

Gland

Any organized mass of tissue secreting or excreting substances

Glucagon

Hormone released by the pancreas to increase blood sugar

Glucocorticoids

Hormones released by the adrenal cortex

Glycogen

Converted glucose stored in the liver for future use

Growth Hormone

Hormone released by the anterior pituitary for stimulating growth

Hormone

Substance secreted by glands and carried in the blood stream to various parts of the body

Hypophysis

Pituitary Gland

Hypothalamus

Gland in the nervous system that releases hormones to aid in regulating pituitary gland hormones

Inhibiting Factor

Substance of a hormone that prevents the secretion of other hormones

Insulin

Substance released by the pancreas to lower blood sugar

Islets of Langerhans

Specialized cells in the pancreas that release insulin and glucagon

Isthmus

Narrow band of tissue connecting the two lobes of the thyroid gland

Luteinizing hormone

Hormone released to aid in the maturation of ova and ovulation in the female; and aids in the secretion of testosterone in males

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone

Hormone released by the pituitary gland; aids in the development of melanin pigment of the skin

Melatonin

Hormone released by the pituitary gland; affects sexual function and sleep patternss

Metabolism

The chemical changes in cells that rovide energy for vital processes and activities and through which new material is assimilated

Mineralcorticoid

Steroid created by the adrenal cortex

Neurohypophysis

Posterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Norepinephrine

Hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla 

Ovary 

One of two female reproductive glands that secrete hormones in the endocrine system

Oxytoxin

Hormone released by the posterior pituitary gland to aid in uterine contractions and lactation

Pancreas

Gland of both the endocrine system (blood sugar control) and the digestive system (as an exocrine gland)

Parathormone

Parathyroid hormone

Parathyroid

One of four glands located adjacent to the thyroid gland on its dorsal surface that help maintain levels of blood calcium

Parathyroid Hormone

Hormone released by the parathyroid glands to help raise blood calcium levels

Pineal Gland

Gland located abovepitutiary gland; secretes melatonin

Pituitary Gland

Major endocrine gland; secretes hormones essential to metabolic functions

Receptor

Part of a target cell with properties compatible with a particular substance (hormone)

Releasing Factor

Substance in a hormone that allows the secretion of another hormone

Somatotrophic Hormone

Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland; important in growth and development

Suprarenal Gland

Adrenal Gland

Sympathomimetic 

Mimicking functions of the sympathetic nervous system

Target Cell

Cell with the receptors that are compatible with specific hormones

Testis, Testicle

One of two male organs that secrete hormones in the endocrine system

Thymus

Gland that is part of the immune system as well as part of the endocrine system; aids in the maturation of T and B cells

Thyroid Gland 

Gland with two lobes located on either side of the trachea; helps control blood calcium levels and metabolic functions

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone

Hormone secreted by anterior pituitary gland; stimulates release of thyroid glands

Thyroxine 

Compound found in or manufactured for thyroid gland; helps regulate metabolism

Triiodothyronine

Thyroid hormone that stimulates growth

Vasopressin

Hormone secreted by pituitary gland; raises blood pressure