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Chapter 15: Early Modern Theater
Theater 10
34
Other
Undergraduate 3
06/02/2011

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Term
Beijing opera
Definition
Popular theatre of China that developed in the nineteenth century
Term
Alienation
Definition
Bertolt Brecht's theory that, in his epic theatre, audiences' emotinal involvement should be minimized to increase their intellectual involvement with the political message
Term
Biomechanics
Definition
Meyerhold's theory that a performer's body should be machinelike and that emotion could be represented externally.
Term
Constructivism
Definition
Post World War I design movement in which sets--frequently composed of ramps, platforms and levels--were nonrealistic and were intended to provide greater opportunities for physical action.
Term
Dada
Definition
movement in art between the world wars, based on presenting the irrational and attacking traditional artistic values
Term
Epic theatre
Definition
Form of episodic drama associated with Bertolt Brecht and aimed at the intellect rather than emotions.
Term
Expressionism
Definition
Movement in Germany at about the time of World War I, characteized by an atempt to dramatie subjective states through distortion; striking, often grotesque images; and lyric, unrealistic dialogue
Term
Futurism
Definition
Art movement, begun in Italy about 1909, which idealized mechanization and machinery
Term
Kathakali
Definition
Traditional dance-drama of India
Term
Naturalism
Definition
Special form of realism developed in Europe in the late nineteenth century; it was not carefully plotted or constructed but wwas meant to present a "slice of life"
Term
Stanislavski system
Definition
Konstantin Stanislavski's techniques and theories about acting, which promote a naturalistic style stressing (among other things) "inner truth" as opposed to conventional theatricality
Term
Surrealism
Definition
Departure from realism that attempted to present dramatically the working of the subconscious
Term
Symbolism
Definition
Movement of the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century that sought to express inner truth rather than represent life realistically
Term
Theatre of cruelty
Definition
Antonin Artaud's visionary concept of a theatre based on magic and ritual, which would liberate deep, violent, and erotic impulses
Term
Theatricalism
Definition
Exposing the elements of theatre to make the audience members aware that they are watching theatre
Term
Unit set
Definition
Single setting that can represent a variety of locales with the simple addition of properties or scenic elements
Term
Realism
Definition
Everything onstage is made to resemble observable, everyday life; how people speak, dress and behave; all of it conforms as closely as possible to what we in the audience know is the way people actually are.
Term
Henrik Ibsen (realist)
Definition
Norwegian playwright; founder of modern realistic drama; "hedda gabler" & "a doll's house"' tackled taboo subject; relative morality **later moved towards symbolism
Term
August Strindberg
Definition
swedish playwright; "the father" & "miss julie" concentrated on individuals at war with themselves and each other; neuroses and sex-battles; no intermission; contradictory features in characters; fragmentary dialogue ***antirealistic drama="A Dream Play and The Ghost Sonata
Term
Anton Chekhov
Definition
"The Sea Gull" "Cherry Orchard"; moved away from melodramatic elements; full gallery of characters with overlapping stories; tragicomedy
Term
Emilie Zola
Definition
Most famous naturalistic theorist and playwright; "Therese Raquin"
Term
Moscow Art Theatre
Definition
most influential of the late nineteenth century theatres dedicated to realism
Term
little theatre movement
Definition
consisted of small American theatres created as alternatives to commercial theatre, often presented experimental, nonrealistic work; controversial or unknown realistic drama; The provincetown playhouse, the neighborhood playhouse, the washington square players
Term
The Group Theatre
Definition
Between world war I and world war II; New York's Broadway district; dedicated to presenting socially relevant drama and to introducing Stanislavski's system in the US: Lee Strsberg, Cheryl Crawford, Harold Clurman; Clifford Odets resident playwright "Awake and Sing" "Golden Boy"
Term
The Federal Theater Project
Definition
FDR started it, headed by Hallie Davis; supported theatrical venues throughout the US and revitalized theatre interest outside NYC
Term
The Sea Gull
Definition
has many characters that are closely intertwined; action is subtle and true to life, not dramatic with plot twists; Moscow Art Theatre made it a success
Term
Sean O'Casey
Definition
important Irish playwright; "The Plough and the Stars"
Term
Eugene O'Neill
Definition
American playwright who started with realistic plays, then experimental plays, returned to realism and wrote "The Iceman cometh" and "Long Days' Journey Into Night"; also Lillian Hellman
Term
Frank Benjamin Wedekind
Definition
Spring Awakening: mixed symbolist and grotesque elements with realistic--sometimes controversial--subject matter
Term
French Symbolist Theatre
Definition
Theatre d'Art & Theatre de l'oeuvre; aurelien-marie lugne poe, actress; Ubu the king--was a farcical take on Shakespeare's histories and tragedies
Term
Adolphe Appia and Edward Gordon Craig
Definition
antirealist designers; argued against photographic reporduction, employed levels and platforms to design spaces; light was an integral visual element; extremely atmospheric
Term
Vsevolod Meyerhold
Definition
leading Russian antirealist; theatricalist; auteur director and avant-garde;biomechanics; borrowed elements from circus and the music hall
Term
Eclectics
Definition
bridges the gap between realism and antirealism; directors included Max Reinhardt and Yevgeny Vakhtangov
Term
historification
Definition
Brecht's alienating technique in which a play is set in the past but it is apparent that he is really concerned with contemporary events paralleling the historic occurences
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