Term
| With ongoing pain, neuronal properties are quickly changed in the direction of _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Is pain considered a learning signal? |
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Definition
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Definition
| intense pain is felt in a body part in spite of complete loss of sensory information from that part |
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Definition
| pain occurs without any nociceptor activation; pain that has no obvious biologic function |
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Term
| The transmission of nociceptive signals from the cord to higher levels is subject to _____ control |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 transmitters important to pain |
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Definition
1. serotonin
2. norepinephrine
3. endorphins |
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Term
| Is pain more cued for sensitivity or specificity? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are there overlaps in the parts of the brain that deal with physical pain & social pain? |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 brain structures where physical & social (emotional) pain are both dealt with |
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Definition
1. anterior cingulate gyrus
2. orbitofrontal cortex
3. insula |
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Term
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Definition
| a receptor that is activated by stimuli that produce tissue damage or would do so if the stimulus continued |
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Term
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Definition
| the experience of pain on nociceptor stimulation is more intense than normal |
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Term
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Definition
| activation of nociceptive neurons in the cord by dorsal root fibers leading from low-threshold mechanoreceptors |
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Term
| What does it mean that pain "radiates"? |
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Definition
| the pain spreads out from the original painful site |
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Term
| What type of cells are implicated in development & maintenance of chronic pain? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pathologic pain caused by partial damage to peripheral nerves or destruction of central somatosensory pathways in the cord or thalamus |
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Term
| Can pathologic pain occur in patients below a transverse lesion of the cord even though all ascending pathways are interrupted? |
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Definition
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Definition
| pathologic pain felt in an area of the skin with reduced sensibility in patients who have had shingles |
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Term
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Definition
| a stroke destroying parts of the thalamus leading to reduced sensibility in a body part usually associated with chronic pain |
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Definition
| pain felt in the missing body part after amputations |
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Term
| 2 signs of autonomic dysfunction |
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Definition
1. abnormal sweating
2. circulatory disturbances |
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Term
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Definition
| cell group in the medulla that synaptically interrupts the pathway from the PAG to the spinal cord |
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Term
| What is the main transmitter in the NRM? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| part of the forebrain involved in control of reward-dependent behavior & plays a part in analgesia evoked by painful stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| analgesia can occur in stressful situations characterized by the inability to escape |
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Term
| Is the placebo response "learned" & dependent on prior experience? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does expectancy control the "pain network" & pain-suppressing systems? |
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Definition
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Term
| Can the placebo effect affect physiological processes? |
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Definition
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Term
| When does the nocebo effect occur? |
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Definition
| when the patient expects no help or believes that the treatment may be harmful |
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Term
| Does the brain have a specific "pain center"? |
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Definition
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Term
| Can psychological reward mechanisms suppress pain? |
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Definition
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Term
| Can loss of sensory information cause long-lasting pain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes pain due to a loss of sensory information? |
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Definition
| there is a mismatch between the motor commands & the sensory feedback |
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