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Chapter 15
Mesozoic
59
Geology
Undergraduate 1
04/20/2015

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Term
Any vertebrate animal that produces amniote eggs; includes reptiles, birds and mammals:
Definition
Amniote
Term
Vascular plants having flowers and seeds; the flowering plants:
Definition
Angiosperm
Term
The oldest positively identified fossil bird; it had feathers but retained many reptile characteristics; from Jurassic-age rocks in Germany:
Definition
Archaeopteryx
Term
A term referring to the ruling reptiles-dinosaurs, pterosaurs, crocodiles and birds:
Definition
Archosaur
Term
Walking on two legs as a means of locomotion, as in birds and humans:
Definition
Bipedal
Term
A type of therapsid (advanced mammal like reptile); ancestors of mammals are among the cynodonts:
Definition
Cynodont
Term
Any of the Mesozoic reptiles belonging to the orders Saurischia and Ornithischia:
Definition
Dinosaurs
Term
A cold-blooded vertebrate, such as an amphibian or reptile, that depends on external heat to regulate body temperature:
Definition
Ectotherm
Term
A warm-blooded vertebrate, such as a bird or mammal, that maintains its body temperature, within narrow limits, by internal processes:
Definition
Endotherm
Term
Any of the porpoise-like, Mesozoic marine reptiles:
Definition
Ichthyosaur
Term
The occurrence of a higher than usual concentration of the element iridium at the Cretaceous-Palogene boundary:
Definition
Iridium anomaly
Term
The pouched mammals, such as wombats and kangaroos, that give birth to their young in a very immature state:
Definition
Marsupial mammal
Term
The egg laying mammals; including only the platypus and spiny anteater of the Australian region:
Definition
Monotremes
Term
A term referring to a group of Mesozoic marine lizards:
Definition
Mosasaur
Term
One of the two orders of dinosaurs; characterized by a birdlike pelvis; includes ornithopods, stegosaurs, ankylosaurs, pachyephalosaurs and ceratopsians:
Definition
Ornithischia
Term
All mammals with a well-developed placenta to nourish the developing embryo, as opposed to egg laying mammals(monotremes) and pouched mammals (marsupials), which have a less efficient placenta:
Definition
Placental mammal
Term
A type of Mesozoic marine reptile; both short-necked and long-necked existed:
Definition
Plesiosaur
Term
Any of the Mesozoic flying reptiles that had a long finger to support a wing:
Definition
Pterosaur
Term
A term referring to locomotion on all four limbs, as in dogs and horses:
Definition
Quadrupedal
Term
An order of dinosaurs; characterized by a lizardlike pelvis; includes theropods, prosauropods, and sauropods:
Definition
Saurischia
Term
Permian to Traissic mammal-like reptiles; the ancestors of mammals are among one group of therapsids known as cynodonts:
Definition
Therapsid
Term
The flowering plants, otherwise known as ( ), evolved during the ( ) Periods.

A) Gymnosperms/Triassic
B) Seedless plants/Permian
C) Horsetails/Cenozoic
D) Angiosperms/Cretaceous
E) Cycads/Jurassic
Definition
D) Angiosperms/Cretaceous
Term
The only mammals that lay shelled eggs belong to the group known as the:

A) Therapsids
B) Monotremes
C) Pterosaurs
D) Endotherms
E) Bipeds
Definition
B) Monotremes
Term
All known carnivorous dinosaurs were:

A) Quadrupeds
B) Stegosaurs
C) Theropods
D) Ichthyosaurs
E) Marsupials
Definition
C) Theropods
Term
One specialization in pterosaurs was:

A) development of a placenta to nourish embryos
B) flipper like limbs for steering and maneuvering
C) huge legs to support a massive body
D) teeth differentiated into specific types
E) modified hand with a long finger to support a wing
Definition
E) modified hand with a long finger to support a wing
Term
Which one of the following statements is correct?

A) The first flying vertebrates were plesiosaurs
B) Icthyosaurs look much like living opossums
C) Most Triassic plants were angiosperms
D) Rudists were important Mesozoic reef-building animals
E) The lower jaw of archosaurs was made up of a single bone
Definition
D) Rudists were important Mesozoic reef-building animals
Term
Because of their rapid evolution and nektonic lifestyle, the ( ) are good guide fossils.

A) Ammonites
B) Saurischians
C) Amphibians
D) Bivalves
E) Trilobites
Definition
A) Ammonites
Term
Which one of the following groups was not only common during the Mesozoic, but are now the major primary producers in today's warm seas?

A) Nautiloids
B) Rudists
C) Dinoflagellates
D) Coleoids
E) Placentas
Definition
C) Dinoflagellates
Term
Which one of the following groups was not only common during the Mesozoic, but are now the major primary producers in today's warm seas?

A) Nautiloids
B) Rudists
C) Dinoflagellates
D) Coleoids
E) Placentas
Definition
C) Dinoflagellates
Term
Which one of the following groups was not only common during the Mesozoic, but are now the major primary producers in today's warm seas?

A) Nautiloids
B) Rudists
C) Dinoflagellates
D) Coleoids
E) Placentas
Definition
C) Dinoflagellates
Term
The most mammal-like of all mammal-like reptiles were the:

A) Cynodonts
B) Ornithopods
C) Angiosperms
D) Ophiolites
e) Saurischians
Definition
A) Cynodonts
Term
Archaeopteryx is considered by most paleontologists to be the first known:

A) Dinosaur
B) Marine reptile
C) Bird
D) Mammal
E) Cynodont
Definition
C) Bird
Term
The middle-ear bones of mammals evolved from which of these bones in the mammal-like reptiles?

A) Palatine and vomer
B) Articular and quadrate
C) Prefrontal and parietal
D) Dentary and incus
E) Tibia and fibula
Definition
B) Articular and quadrate
Term
The mammalian order whose members have two or four toes; the even-toed hoofed mammals such as deer, goats, sheep, antelope, bison, swine and camels:
Definition
Artiodactyla
Term
An animal that eats tender shoots, twigs and leaves:
Definition
Browser
Term
A pair of specialized shearing teeth in members of the mammal order Carnivora:
Definition
Carnassials
Term
An order of mammals consisting of meat eaters such as dogs, cats, bears, weasels and seals:
Definition
Carnivora
Term
The mammal order that includes whales, porpoises and dolphins:
Definition
Cetacea
Term
An animal that eats low-growing vegetation, especially grasses:
Definition
Grazer
Term
A small Early Eocene mammal that was ancestral to today's horses:
Definition
Hyracotherium
Term
Any of a mammal's teeth that are used for grinding and chewing:
Definition
Molar
Term
An evolutionary trend in hoofed animals in which the premolars become more like molars, giving the animals a continuous series of grinding teeth:
Definition
Molarization
Term
A warming trend that began abruptly about 55 million years ago:
Definition
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum
Term
The order of odd-toed hoofed animals; consists of present-day horses, tapirs and rhinoceroses:
Definition
Perissodactyla
Term
Any of a mammal's teeth between the canines and the molars; premolars and molars together are a mammal's chewing teeth:
Definition
Premolar
Term
The order of mammals that includes prosimians (lemurs and tarsiers), and anthropoids (monkeys, apes and humans):
Definition
Primates
Term
The order of mammals that includes elephants and their extinct relatives:
Definition
Proboscidea
Term
Any cud-chewing placental mammal with a complex three or four chambered stomach, such as deer, cattle, antelope and camels:
Definition
Ruminant
Term
An informal term referring to a variety of mammals but especially the hoofed mammals of the orders Artiodactyla and Perissodactyla:
Definition
Ungulate
Term
The Artiodacyla is an order of mammals that includes the:

A) Carnivores
B) Elephants and whales
C) Even-toed hoofed mammals
D) rodents, rabbits and bats
E) Primates
Definition
C) Even-toed hoofed mammals
Term
Cenozoic bryozoans were particularly abundant and successful:

A) Suspension feeders
B) Predatory birds
C) Marine reptiles
D) Meat-eating mammals
E) Bony fish
Definition
A) Suspension feeders
Term
One of the defining features of the carnivorous mammals is:

A) Short, massive limbs
B) Molarization of the premolars
C) Teeth adapted to grazing
D) Four chambered stomach
E) Carnassial teeth
Definition
E) Carnassial teeth
Term
Which one of the following statements is incorrect?

A) The oldest known member of the horse family is Hyracotherium
B) Ungulate is a designation for all hoofed animals
C) Browsers have high-crowned chewing teeth
D) Multituberculates were rodent like mammals that survived from the Mesozoic into the Cenozoic
E) Flightless, predatory birds were common in South America during the Cenozoic
Definition
A) The oldest known member of the horse family is Hyracotherium
Term
The three geologic periods, from oldest to youngest, for the Cenozoic Era are:

A) Quarternary, Paleogene, Neogene
B) Neogene, Miocene, Pleistocene
C) Mesozoic, Eocene, Holocene
D) Paleogene, Neogene, Quarternary
E) Cretaceous, Pliocene, Ogliocene
Definition
D) Paleogene, Neogene, Quarternary
Term
The monotremes, one of the three basic groups of mammals, is the only one that:

A) lays eggs
b) bears live young
C) is warm blooded
D) has vestigial wings
E) has a fairly good fossil record
Definition
A) lays eggs
Term
One of the main components of the Cenozoic marine fauna was:
A) Foraminifera
B) Cetaceans
C) Ammonites
D) Trilobites
E) Ungulates
Definition
A) Foraminifera
Term
Which one of the following has been proposed as a cause of Pleistocene extinctions?

A) Meteorite impact
B) Climate change
C) Evolution of grasses
D) Migration of mammals from Australia
E) Increased energy from the Sun
Definition
B) Climate change
Term
One indication of a cool climate is:

A) an increase in diversity of odd-toed hoofed mammals
B) extinction of coccolithophores
C) small leaves with incised margins
D) mammals with nostrils on the top of the head
E) evolution of large, flightless birds
Definition
C) small leaves with incised margins
Term
During the Cenozoic Era, Earth's temperatures were highest during the ( ) epoch.

A) Eocene
B) Holocene
C) Miocene
D) Pleistocene
E) Oligocene
Definition
A) Eocene
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