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Chapter 15
Peers, Media, and Schooling (Exam #4)
23
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
11/01/2013

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Cards

Term
Nonsocial activity
Definition
unoccupied, onlooker behavior and solitary play.
Term
Parallel play
Definition
a limited form of social participation in which a child plays near other children with similar materials but does not try to influence their behavior.
Term
Associative play
Definition
children engage in separate activities but exchange toys and comment on one another's behavior.
Term
Cooperative play
Definition
a more advanced type of interaction, children orient toward a common goal, such as acting out a make-believe theme.
Term
Rough-and-tumble play
Definition
friendly chasing and play-fighting
Term
Dominance hierarchy
Definition
a stable of ordering group members that predicts who will win when conflict arises.
Term
Friendships
Definition
close relationships involving companionship in which each partner wants to be with the other.
1. Friendship as a handy playmate (4 - 7)
2. Friendship as mutual trust and assistance ( 8 - 10)
3. Friendship as intimacy ( 11 - older)
Term
Characteristics of friendship
Definition
1. Friendship selectivity and stability
2. Interaction between friends
3. Resemblance between friends
Term
Peer acceptance
Definition
refers to likability - the extent to which a child is viewed by a group of agemates, such as classmates, as a worthy social partner.
Term
Popular children
Definition
who get many positive votes (are well-liked)
Term
Rejected children
Definition
who get many negative votes (are disliked)
Term
Controversial children
Definition
who receive many votes, both positive and negative (are both liked and disliked).
Term
Neglected children
Definition
who are seldom mentioned, either positively or negatively.
Term
Popular-prosocial children
Definition
who combine academic and social competence.
Term
Popular-antisocial children
Definition
which emerges in late childhood and early adolescence, includes "tough" boys - athletically skilled but poor students who cause trouble and defy adult authority -and relationally aggressive boys and girls who enhance their own status b ignoring, excluding, and spreading rumors about other children.
Term
Rejected-aggressive children
Definition
the largest subtype, show rates of conflict, physical and relational aggression, and hyperactive, inattentive, and impulsive behavior.
Term
Rejected-withdrawn children
Definition
are passive and socially awkward (gee, that sounds vaguely familiar).
Term
Peer groups
Definition
collectives that generate unique values and standards for behavior and a social structure of leaders and followers.
Term
Cliques
Definition
groups of about five to eight members who are friends and, therefore, usually resemble one another in family background, attitudes, values, and interests.
Term
Crowd
Definition
among Western adolescents attending high schools with complex social structures, often several cliques with similar values form a larger, more loosely organized group.
Term
What are some influences on peer sociability?
Definition
1. Direct parental influences: influencing children's peer relationships.
2. Indirect parental influences: through child-rearing practices.
3. Age mix of children
4. Cultural values
Term
What influences does a close friendship have on an individual's psychological health and competence?
Definition
1. Provides opportunities to explore the self and develop a deep understanding of another individual.
2. Provides a foundation for future intimate relationships.
3. Helps young people deal with the stresses of everyday life.
4. Improves attitudes toward and involvement in school.
Term
Peer victimization
Definition
in which certain children become targets of verbal and physical attack or other forms of abuse.
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