Term
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Definition
| view of mental illness in which odd behaviour, hearing voices, or talking to oneself was attributed to evil spirits infesting the body |
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Definition
| perception that regard mental illness as due to a physical disorder requiring medical treatment |
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Term
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Definition
| institutions for the mentally ill created in the fifteenth century |
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Term
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Definition
| approach to mental illness calling for dignity, kindness, and respect for the mentally ill |
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Term
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Definition
| 1960s and 1970s governmental policy that focused on releasing hospitalized psychiatric patients into the community and closing mental hospitals |
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Term
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Definition
| Asian countries, mostly male. People believe their penis and testicles are disappearing and receding into their abdomen. |
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Term
| Western culture specific disorders |
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Definition
| You guessed it, bulimia and anorexia |
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Term
| Misconceptions of psychiatric classifications and diagnoses (Four) |
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Definition
1. Psychiatric diagnosis is nothing more than pigeonholing, that is, sorting people into different "boxes"
2. Psychiatric diagnoses are unreliable
3. Psychiatric diagnoses are invalid
4. Psychiatric diagnoses stigmatize people |
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Term
| Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) |
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Definition
| diagnostic system containing the American Psychiatric Association (APA) criteria for mental disorders |
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Term
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Definition
| scholars who argue that psychiatric diagnoses exert powerful negative effects on people's perceptions and behaviours |
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Term
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Definition
| percentage of people within a population who have a specific mental disorder |
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Term
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Definition
| dimensions of functioning |
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Term
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Definition
| co-occurrence of two or more diagnoses within the same person |
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Term
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Definition
| model in which mental disorder differs from normal functioning in kind rather than degree |
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Term
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Definition
| model in which a mental disorder differs from normal functioning in degree rather than in kind |
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Term
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Definition
comorbidity
categorical model
dimensional model |
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Term
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Definition
| legal defense proposing that people shouldn't be held legally responsible for their actions if they weren't of "sound mind" when committing them |
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Term
| incompetence to stand trial |
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Definition
| assessment of a defendant's mental capacity to stand trial in a court of law |
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Term
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Definition
| procedure of placing some mentally ill people in a psychiatric hospital or other facility based on their potential danger to themselves or others, or their inability to care for themselves |
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Term
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Definition
| conditions marked by physical symptoms that suggest an underlying medical illness, but that are actually psychological in origin |
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Term
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Definition
| an individuals continual preoccupation with the notion that he is suffering from a serious physical disease |
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Term
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Definition
| brief, intense episodes of extreme fear characterized by sweating, dizziness, light-headedness, racing heartbeat, and feelings of impending death or going crazy |
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Term
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Definition
| repeated and unexpected panic attacks, along with either persistent concerns about future attacks or a change in personal behaviour in an attempt to avoid them |
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Term
| generalized anxiety disorder |
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Definition
| continual feelings of worry, anxiety, physical tension, and irritability across many areas of life functioning |
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Term
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Definition
| intense fear of an object or situation that's greatly out of proportion to its actual threat |
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Term
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Definition
| fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or embarrassing, or in which help is unavailable in the event of a panic attack |
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Term
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Definition
| intense fear of objects, places, or situations that are greatly out of proportion to their actual threat |
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Term
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Definition
| marked by fear of public appearances in which embarrassment or humiliation is possible |
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Term
| posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) |
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Definition
| marked emotional disturbance after experiencing or witnessing a severely stressful event |
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Term
| obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) |
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Definition
| condition marked by repeated and lengthy (at least one hour per day) immersion in obsessions, compulsions, or both |
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Term
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Definition
| persistent ideas, thoughts, or impulses that are unwanted and inappropriate, causing marked distress |
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Term
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Definition
| repetitive behaviours or mental acts performed to reduce or prevent stress |
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Term
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Definition
| fear of anxiety-related sensations |
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Term
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Definition
| state in which a person experiences a lingering depressed mood or diminished interest in pleasurable activities, along with symptoms that include weight loss and sleep difficulties |
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Term
| cognitive model of depression |
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Definition
| theory that depression is caused by negative beliefs and expectations |
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Term
| cognitive model of depression components |
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Definition
1. negative views of oneself, experiences, and the future (negative schemas)
2. cognitive distortions: over-generalization and selective abstraction |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency to feel helpless in the face of events we can't control |
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Term
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Definition
| experience marked by dramatically elevated mood, decreased need for sleep, increased energy, inflated self-esteem, increased talkativeness, and irresponsible behaviour |
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Term
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Definition
| condition marked by a history of at least one manic episode |
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Term
| Major suicide risk factors |
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Definition
depression
hopelessness
substance abuse
schizophrenia
homosexuality (social stigma)
unemployment
chronic, painful, disfiguring illness
recent loss of a loved one, being divorced, separated, widowed
family history of suicide
personality disorders
anxiety disorders
old age, especially men
recent discharge from hospital |
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Term
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Definition
| conditions involving disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception |
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Term
| depersonalization disorder |
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Definition
| condition marked by multiple episodes of depersonalization |
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Term
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Definition
| inability to recall important personal information-most often related to a stressful experience-that can't be explained by ordinary forgetfulness |
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Term
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Definition
| sudden, unexpected travel away from home or the workplace, accompanied by amnesia for significant life events |
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Term
| dissociative identity disorder (DID) |
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Definition
| condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states that recurrently take control of the person's behaviour |
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Term
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Definition
| severe disorder of thought and emotion associated with a loss of contact with reality |
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Term
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Definition
| strongly held, fixed beliefs that have no basis in reality |
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Term
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Definition
| psychological problems reflecting serious distortions in reality |
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Term
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Definition
| sensory perceptions that occur in the absence of an external stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| motor problems, including extreme resistance to complying with simple suggestions, holding the body in bizarre or rigid postures, or curling up in a fetal position |
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Term
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Definition
| perspective proposing that mental disorders are a joint product of a genetic vulnerability, called diathesis, and stressors that trigger this vulnerability |
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Term
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Definition
| condition in which personality traits, appearing first in adolescence,are inflexible, stable, expressed in a wide variety of situations, and lead to distress or impairment |
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Term
| borderline personality disorder |
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Definition
| condition marked by extreme instability in mood, identity, and impulse control |
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Term
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Definition
| condition marked by superficial charm, dishonesty, manipulativeness, self-centeredness, and risk-taking |
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Term
| antisocial personality disorder |
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Definition
| condition marked by a lengthy history of irresponsible and/or illegal actions |
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