Term
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Definition
| the process by which people infer the cause of their own or others behavior |
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Term
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Definition
dispositional- an individual's traits, needs, and intentions can affect his or her behavior
situational - physical and emotional stimuli produced by an environment that can affect one's behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| correspondent inference, casual attribution |
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Term
| correspondent inference theory |
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Definition
-choice (did the person have a choice? If not, we'll say situational factors)
-non-common effects: low frequency events that stand out; we attribute to disposition (why would a person do this rare thing? must be their nature)
-undesirability: we judge people more for undesirable behavior than nice behavior |
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Term
| casual attribution theory |
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Definition
-consensus: is this behavior shared by many people?
- consistency: does person act the same way to the same stimulus every time?
- distinctiveness: the extent to which a person preforms a behavior only during a particular type of event or toward a particular person or thing (bill doesn't praise often, but he likes the club; it must be good) |
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Term
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Definition
John said atwater is good today
high: everyone who went to atwater says its good (situational)
low: hardly anyone who went to atwater says its good (dispositional) |
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Term
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Definition
John said atwater is good today
High: in the past, John has frequently complimented atwater (disposition)
Low: John rarely compliments atwater (situational) |
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Term
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Definition
John said Atwater is good today
- john does not like most places that he eats at (situational)
- john doesnt care where he eats; he likes them all (dispositional)
difference between consistency and distincitvness is that distinctiveness is for a similar enviornment but diff situation, consistent is same enviornment same situation |
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Term
how might the soldiers at abu graib be convicted via the casual attribution theory?
*they would be convicted based on dispositional factors |
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Definition
Few personnel might have done the same thing (low consensus)
The officers behaves in that way in similar situations in Abu Graib (high consistency)
These officers behaved in that way in other situations outside Abu Graib (low distinctiveness) |
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Term
how would the soldiers at abu graib be convicted according to the correspondent inference theory?
*they would be convicted based on dispositional factors |
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Definition
- if the officers had a choice
- if their behavior was not common
- if their behavior was undesierable |
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Term
| fundamental attribution error |
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Definition
overestimating significance of dispositional factors and underestimating significance of situational factors when assesing others behavior
we underestimate dispositonal factors when we deal with our own behavior |
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Term
| Significant studies in social psych |
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Definition
| stanley milgrim shock study, bystander apathy smoke room study, stanford prison experiment |
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Term
| diffusion of responsibility |
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Definition
| the more people who witness an event, the less people who will take reponsibility; they will "defer" responsibility onto others in the area, assuming that the more people there are, the more people who could be responsible |
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Term
| what prompted the bystander apathy experiment? |
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Definition
| the murder of kitty genovese: many witnessed, nobody stepped up |
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Term
| what is the "quiz game" situation? |
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Definition
participents believed that questioners were smart, didn't realize that the questioners had the answers or may have just been smart on a particular subject
-part of fundamental attribution error |
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Term
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Definition
successful outcome = internal causes
unsuccessful outcomes = external causes |
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Term
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Definition
| while others behavior is attributed to dispositional factors, our own behavior is attributed to situational factors |
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Term
| cognitive dissociance theory |
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Definition
| the theory that changes in attitude can be motivated by an unpleasent state of tension caused by a disparity between our attitudes and our behavior |
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Term
| how can a failing high school student who sees himself as smart use the cognitive dissociance theory to believe a self serving bias? |
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Definition
- reduce the importance of an element (grades aren't that important anyways)
- change one element (start to do better or revise view of intelligence)
- add an element that makes both possible (the teacher is a jerk, or I'm too busy to do well) |
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Term
| Why is the body's autonomic reaction to stress bad? |
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Definition
| increased heart rate and blood pressure create three systems: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. The resistance is the body's defense that's suppose to create a situation where the body can defend itself. However, the body cannot keep this up for a period of time. And people get physiological reactions to stress all the time, even when no danger is present |
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Term
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Definition
| stress reaction: alarm, resistance, exhaustion |
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