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lower and infant mortality higher in developing countries due to sewage, water, food safety issues
AIDS has cut life expectancy by:
5 years in Nigeria
18 years in Kenya
33 years in Zimbabwe |
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| study of causes and distribution of health and disease in a population |
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| – system of cost containment that monitors and controls health care providers’ decisions – primary care physician approves specialists and must get advance approval for many procedures- insurance company has the right to refuse to pay for treatment |
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| system in which all citizens receive medical services paid for by tax revenue. Revenues are supplemented by premiums paid by all taxpaying citizens. Low administrative costs but may be wasteful since no limit on doctor trips. Canada has this system. |
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| provides for all health care services to be available at no charge to the entire population. The government sets health care policies, raises funds and controls the medical care budget, owns health care facilities, and directly employs physicians and other health care personnel. England has this system but people can choose private care if they can afford it. |
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| focuses on prevention and treats mind and body (whole person) rather than on symptoms in specific body parts |
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| healing practices not consistent with conventional medicine like herbs, acupuncture, meditation, yoga, homeopathy, osteopathy, etc. |
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– sick role – sickness as deviance that society must control so people can contribute to society
sick role – set of expectations that define norms and values appropriate for sick person and those with whom they interact
Primary characteristics:
sick not responsible for condition
temporarily exempt from other role obligations
must want to get well
must seek competent help to hasten recovery
Doctors are the gate keepers of sick role |
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Term
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Definition
health care as commodity sold in capital economy by medical industrial complex (doctors, hospitals, pharmaceutical and medical supply companies)
affluent receive quality care but indigent can’t afford private care and don’t qualify for Medicaid
doctors and hospitals benefit from structure because they charge high fees and make profits
corporations do not eliminate workplace hazards or environmental pollution due to impact on profits
must curb medical industrial complex for improved health |
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– social construction of illness – focus on meanings given to illness and how it impacts self concept and relationships
may blame the ill for their disease (smoking & cancer)
social definition and stigma
medicalization – process by which non medical problems are defined and treated as illness
de-medicalization – problem that no longer retains medical definition |
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| clinical gaze illustrates how doctors gain power over patients by observing, gather information and speaking wisely |
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| led to medical advances but also unequal distribution of medical care (two tiers) |
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