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Chapter 14 Questions
Emergency Care and Transportation of the Sick and Injured
103
Health Care
Undergraduate 1
03/11/2014

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Cards

Term

The electrical impulse generated by the heart originates in the:

 

A. sinoatrial (SA) node

B. bundle of his

C. coronary sinus

D. atrioventricular (AV) node

Definition
A. sinoatrial (SA) node
Term

When an electrical impulse reaches the AV node, it is slowed for a brief period of time so that:

 

A. blood can pass from the artria to the ventricles

B. the SA node can reset and generate another impulse

C. the impulse can spread through the Purkinje fibers

D. blood returning from the body can fill the atria

Definition
A. blood can pass from the artria to the ventricles
Term

Which of the following blood vessels transports oxygenated blood?

 

A. superior vena ceva

B. pulmonary arteries

C. inferior vena ceva

D. pulmonary veins

Definition
D. pulmonary veins
Term

 Narrowing of the coronary arteries due to a buildup of fatty deposits is called:

 

A. angina pectoris

B. arteriosclerosis

C. atherosclerosis

D. acute ischemia

Definition
C. atherosclerosis
Term

When the myocardium requires more oxygen:

 

A. the Av node conducts fewer impulses

B. the arteries supplying the heart dilate

C. the heart contracts with less force

D. the heart rate decreases significantly

Definition
B. the arteries supplying the heart dilate
Term

Which of the following is NOT a function of the sympathetic nervous system?

 

A. dilation of blood vessels in the muscles

B. constriction of blood vessels in the digestive system

C. constriction of blood vessels in the muscles

D. increases in the heart and respiratory

Definition
C. constriction of blood vessels in the muscles
Term

In contrast to the sympathetic nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system:

 

A. prepares the body to handle stress

B. dilates the blood vessels in the muscles

C. causes an increase in the heart rate

D. slows the heart and respiratory rates

Definition
D. slows the heart and respiratory rates
Term

The left ventricle has the thickest walls because it:

 

A. pumps blood to the lungs to be reoxygenated

B. uses less oxygen than other chambers of the heart

C. receives blood directly from the systemic circulation

D. pumps blood into the aorta and systemic circulation

Definition
D. pumps blood into the aorta and systemic circulation
Term

Cardiac output may decrease if the heart beats too rapidly because:

 

A. a rapid heart beat causes a decrease in the strength of cardiac contractions

B. as the ehart rate increases, more blood is pumped from the ventricles that the atria

C. there is not enough time in between contractions for the heart to refill completely

D. the volume of blood that returns to the heart is not sufficient with fast heart rates

Definition
C. there is not enough time in between contractions for the heart to refill completely
Term

Deoxygenated blood from the body returns to the:

 

A. right atrium

B. left atrium

C. right ventricle

D. left ventricle

Definition
A. right atrium
Term

_________ allows a cardiac muscle cell to contract spontaneously without a stimulus from a nerve source.

 

A. repitition

B. reactivity

C. Automaticity

D. Autonomy

Definition
C. Automaticity
Term

The aorta recieves its blood supply from the:

 

A. right atrium

B. left atrium

C. right ventricle

D. left ventricle

Definition
D. left ventricle
Term

Blood enters the right atrium from the body through the:

 

A. vena ceva

B. aorta

C. pulmonary artery

D. pulmonary vein

Definition
A. vena ceva
Term

The only vein(s) in the body that carry oxygenated blood is/are the:

 

A. external jugular veins

B. pulmonary veins

C. subclavian veins

D.inferior vena cava

Definition
B. pulmonary veins
Term

Normal electrical impulses originate in the sinus node, just about the:

 

A. atria

B. ventricles

C. AV junctions

D. bundle of His

Definition
A. atria
Term

Dilation of the coronary arteries ___________ blood flow:

 

A. shuts off

B. increases

C. decreases

D. regulates

Definition
B. increases
Term

The ___________ are tiny blood vessels that are approximately one cell thick.

 

A. arterioles

B. venules

C. capillaries

D. ventricles

Definition
C. capillaries
Term

_________ carry oxygen to the body's tissues and then remove carbon dioxide.

 

A. Red blood cells

B. White blood cells

C. Platelets

D. Veins

Definition
A. Red blood cells
Term

__________ is the maximum pressure exerted by the left ventricle as it contracts

 

A. Cardiac output

B. Diastolic blood pressure

C. Systolic blood pressure

D. Stroke volume

Definition
C. Systolic blood pressure
Term

Atherosclerosis can lead to a complete ________ of a cornary artery.

 

A. occlusion

B. distintegration

C. dilation

D. contraction

Definition
A. occlusion
Term

The lumen of an artery may be partially or completely blocked by the blood-clotting system due to a _________ that exposes the inside of the atherosclerotic wall.

 

A. tear

B. crack

C. clot

D. rupture

Definition
B. crack
Term

Tissues downstream from a blood clot will suffer from lack of oxygen. If blood is resumed in a short time, the ___________ tissues will recover.

 

A. dead

B. ischemic

C. necrosed

D. dry

Definition
B. ischemic
Term

Risk factors for myocardial infraction include all of the following EXCEPT:

 

A. male gender

B. high blood pressure

C. stress

D. increased activity level

Definition
D. increased activity level
Term

When, for a brief period of time, heart tissues fo not get enough oxygen, the pain is called:

 

A. AMI

B. angina

C. ischemia

D. CAD

Definition
B. angina
Term

Angina pain may be felt in the:

 

A. epigastrium 

B. legs

C. lower back

D. lower abdomen

Definition
A. epigastrium
Term

The underlying cause of a dissecting aortic aneurysm is:

 

A. controlled hypertension

B. uncontrolled hypertension

C. malignant hypertension

D. benign hypertension

Definition
B. uncontrolled hypertension
Term

Because the oxygen supply to the ehart is diminished with angina, the __________ can become compromised, putting the person at rick for signicant cardiac rhythm problems.

 

A. circulation

B. cardiac output

C. electrical system

D. vasculature

Definition
C. electrical system
Term

About ___________ minutes after blood flow is cut off, come heart muscle cells begin to die.

 

A. 10

B. 20

C. 30

D. 40

 

Definition
C. 30
Term

An acute myocardial infarction is more likely to occur in the larger, thick-walled left ventricle, which needs more ____________ that the right ventricle.

 

A. oxygen and glucose

B. force to pump

C. blood and oxygen

D. electrical supply

Definition
C. blood and oxygen
Term

Which of the following statements regarding CHF is FALSE?

 

A. Stridor is a common lung sound heard on exam

B. it can be caused by diseased heart valves

C. it can be treated with nitroglycerin

D. ankle edema is a common finding

Definition
A. Stridor is a common lung sound heard on exam
Term

Cardiogenic shock can occur within 24 hours of a(n):

 

A. hypertensive emergency

B. acute myocardial infarction

C. aortic aneurysm

D. unstable angina attack

Definition
B. acute myocardial infarction
Term

Disorganized, ineffective quivering of the ventricles is known as:

 

A. ventricular fibrillation

B. asystole

C.ventricular stand still

D. ventricular tachycardia 

Definition
D. ventricular tachycardia
Term

Which of the following is NOT a cause of congestive heart failure?

 

A. Chronic hypotension

B. Heart valve damage

C. A myocardial infarction

D. Longstanding high blood pressure

Definition
A. Chronic hypotension
Term

Sudden death is usually the result of ___________, in which the heart fails to generate an effective blood flow.

 

A. AMI

B. athrosclerosis

C. PVCs

D. cardiac arrest

Definition
D. cardiac arrest
Term

Signs and symptoms of shock include all of the following EXCEPT:

 

A. elevated heart rate

B. pale, clammy skin

C. air hunger

D. elevated blood pressure

Definition
D. elevated blood pressure
Term

Which of the following changes in heart functions occur in patients with CHF?

 

A. A decrease heart rate

B. Enlargement of the left ventricle

C. Enlargement of the right ventricle

D. A decrease in blood pressure

Definition
B. Enlargement of the left ventricle
Term

Physical findings of AMI include skin that is ___________ because of poor cardiac output and the loss of perfusion.

 

A. pink

B. white

C. gray

D. red

Definition
C. gray
Term

All patient assessments begin by determining whether the patient:

 

A. is breathing

B. can talk

C. is responsive

D. has a pulse

Definition
C. is responsive
Term

To assess chest pain, use the mnemonic:

 

A. AVPU

B. OPQRST

C. SAMPLE

D. CHART

Definition
B. OPQRST
Term

When using the mnemonic OPQRST, the "P" stands for:

 

A. parasthesia

B. pain

C. provocation

D. presdisposing factors

Definition
C. provocation
Term

In addition to angina and mycardial infarction, nitroglycerin can be used to treat:

 

A. congestive heart failure

B. cardiogenic shock

C. aortic aneurysm

D. hypertensive emergency

Definition
A. congestive heart failure
Term

When administering nitroglycerin to a patient, you should make sure the patient has not taken any medications for _____________ in the last 24 hours.

 

A. angina

B. erectile dysfunction

C. migraine headaches

D. gallbladder dysfunction

Definition
B. erectile dysfunction
Term

In general, a maximum of _________ dose(s) of nitroglycerin is/are given for any one episode of chest pain.

 

A. one

B. two

C. three

D. four

Definition
C. three
Term

__________ are inserted when the electrical-conrol system of the heart is so damaged that it cannot function properly.

 

A. Stents

B. Pacemakers

C. Baloon angioplasties

D. Defibrillations

Definition
B. Pacemakers
Term

When the battery wears out in a pacemaker, the patient may experience:

 

A. syncope

B. chest pain

C. nausea

D. tachycardia

Definition
A. syncope
Term

The computer inside the AED is specifically programmed to recognize rhythms that require defibrillation to correct, most commonly:

 

A. asystole

B. ventricular tachycardia

C. ventricular fibrillation

D. supraventricular tachycardia

Definition
C. ventricular fibrillation
Term

The AED should be applied only to unresponsive patients with no:

 

A. significant medical problems

B. cardiac history

C. pulse

D. brain activity

Definition

C. pulse

 

Term

____________ usually refers to a state of cardiac arrest despite an organized electrical complex.

 

A. Asystole

B. Pulseless electrical activity

C. Ventricular Fibrillation

D. Ventricular tachycardia

Definition
B. Pulseless electrical activity
Term

The links in the chain of survival include all of the following EXCEPT:

 

A. early access and CPR

B. early ACLS

C. early administration of nitroglycerin

D. early defibrillation

Definition
C. early administration of nitroglycerin
Term

Defibrillation works best if it takes place within _________ minutes of the onset of cardiac arrest.

 

A. 2

B. 4

C. 6

D. 10

Definition
A. 2
Term

True or False

 

The right side of the heart pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body.

Definition
False
Term

True or False

 

In the normal heart, the need for increased blood flow to the myocardium is easily met by an increase in heart rate.

Definition
false
Term

True or False

 

Atherosclerosis results in narrowing of the lumen of coronary arteries.

Definition
True
Term

True or False

 

Infarction is a temporary interruption of the blood supply to the tissues.

Definition
False
Term

True or False

 

Angina can result from a spasm of the artery.

Definition
True
Term

True or False

 

The pain of angina and the pain of AMI are easily distingiushable.

Definition
False
Term

True or False

 

Nitroglycerin works in most patients within 5 minutes to relieve the pain of AMI.

Definition
False
Term

True or False

 

If an AED malfunctions during use, you must report that problem to the manufacturer and the Department of Human Resources.

Definition
False
Term

True or False

 

Angina occurs when the heart's need for oxygen exceeds its supply.

Definition
True
Term

True or False

 

White blood cells are the most numerous cells in the blood and help the blood to clot.

Definition
False
Term

True or False

 

Cardiac arrest in younger children is less common than in older children and is usually caused by a breathing problem.

Definition
True
Term

True or False

 

An AED with special pediatric pads may be used on pediatric medical patients between the ages of 1 month and 8 years who have been assessed to be unresponsive, not breathing, and pulseless.

Definition
True
Term

True or False

 

Dissecting aortic aneurysms are rarely considered life threatening.

Definition
False
Term

True or False

 

Heart disease is the number one killer of women in the United States.

Definition
True
Term

True or False

 

If a patient complaining of chest pain has a history of a previous AMI, you should ask if this pain feels similar to the previous AMI.

Definition
True
Term

Fill-in-the-Blank

 

The heart is divided down the middle by a wall called the ______________.

Definition
septum
Term

Fill-in-the-Blank

 

The _____________ is the body's main artery.

Definition
aorta
Term

Fill-in-the-Blank

 

The ____________ ventricle pumps blood in through the pulmonary circulation.

Definition
right
Term

Fill-in-the-Blank

 

Electrical impulses spread from the ____________ node to the ventricles.

Definition
atrioventricular
Term

Fill-in-the-Blank

 

Blood supply to the heart is increased by _________ of the coronary arteries.

Definition
Dilation
Term

Fill-in-the-Blank

 

__________ __________ cells remove carbon dioxide from the body's tissues.

Definition
Red blood
Term

Fill-in-the-Blank

 

_____________ blood pressure reflects the pressure on the wealls of the arteries when the ventricle is at rest.

Definition
Diastolic
Term

Fill-in-the-Blank

 

The heart has _______ chambers.

Definition
four
Term

Fill-in-the-Blank

 

The ___________ side of the heart is more muscular because it must pump blood into the aorta and all the other arteries of the body.

Definition
left
Term

Fill-in-the-Blank

 

____________ is the most effective way to assist a person with CHF to breathe effectively and to prevent an invasive airway management technique.

Definition
CPAP
Term

Fill-in-the-Blank

 

The collection of fluid in the part of the body that is closest to the ground is called ______ _______.

 

Definition
dependent edema
Term

Fill-in-the-Blank

 

A hypertensive emergency usually occurs only with a systolic pressure greater than ________. 

Definition
160 mm Hg
Term

Fill-in-the-Blank

 

In CHF, blood tends to back up in the _______ ________,

increasing the pressure in the capillaries of the lungs.

Definition
pulmonary veins
Term

Fill-in-the-Blank

 

A late finding if cardiogenic shock would be a systolic blood pressure of less than __________.

Definition
90 mm Hg
Term

Fill-in-the-Blank

 

Damage to the __________ area of the heart often presents with bradycardia.

Definition
inferior
Term
Absence of heart electrical activity
Definition
Asystole
Term
Calcium and cholestrol buildup inside blood vessels
Definition
Atherosclerosis
Term
Blood vessels that supply blood to the myocardium
Definition
Coronary Arteries
Term
Abnormal heart rhythm
Definition
Arrhythmia
Term
Unusually slow heart rhythm, less than 60 beats/min
Definition
Bradycardia
Term
lack of oxygen
Definition
Ischemia
Term
heart muscle
Definition
myocardium
Term
lower chambers of the heart
Definition
ventricles
Term
tissue death
Definition
Infarction
Term
Rapid heart rhythm, greater than 100 beats/min
Definition
tachycardia
Term
Carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart
Definition
venae cavae
Term
upper chambers of the heart
Definition
Atria
Term
Body's main artery
Definition
Aorta
Term
electrical impulses begin here
Definition
sinus node
Term
Electrical impulses slow here to allow blood to move from the atria to the ventricles
Definition
Atrioventricular node
Term
Blood clot float through blood vessels until it reasches a narrow area and block blood flow
Definition
Thromboembolism
Term
Swollen ankles, rales
Definition
Congestive heart failure
Term
sudden tearing, seperation of lining, potential for great blood loss
Definition
dissecting aneurysm
Term
heart lacks pumping power, low blood pressure
Definition
Cardiogenic shock
Term
severe headache, bounding pulses, ringing in ears
Definition
Hypertensive emergency
Term
pulseless, apneic
Definition
Cardiac arrest
Term
exertional chest pain, relieved by nitroglycerin
Definition
Angina pectoris
Term
complete blockage of coronary artery
Definition
acute myocardial infarction
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