Term
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Definition
| outermost layer of the bone, made up of fibrous tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| dense, hard layers of bone tissue that lie underneath the periosteum |
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Term
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Definition
| contains little spaces like sponge and is encased in the layers of compact bone |
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Term
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Definition
| membranous lining of the hollow cavity of the bone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| material found in the cavities of bones |
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Term
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Definition
| thick, blood-like material found in flat bones and the ends of long bones. Location of blood cell formation. |
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Term
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Definition
| soft, fatty material found in the medullary cavity of long bones |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| made up of bones called the vertebrae or vertebra through which the spinal cord runs. The vertebral column protects the spinal cord, supports the head, and provides a point of attachment for ribs and muscles |
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Term
| cervical vertebrae (C1 to C7) |
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Definition
| first set of seven bones, forming the neck |
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Term
| thoracic vertebrae (T1 to T12) |
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Definition
| second set of 12 vertebrae; they articulate with the 12 pairs of ribs to form the outward curve of the spine |
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Term
| lumbar vertebrae (L1 to L5) |
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Definition
| third set of five larger vertebrae, which forms the inward curve of the spine |
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Term
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Definition
| next five vertebrae, which fuse together to form a triangular bone positioned between the two hip bones |
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Term
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Definition
| four vertebrae fused together to form the tailbone |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the vertebral arch |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| extension of the scapula, which forms the high point of the shoulder |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| lower portion of the sternum |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| phalanges (sing. phalanx) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| made up of three bones fused together: ischium, ilium, and pubis |
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Term
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Definition
| lower, rear portion of which one sits |
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Term
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Definition
| upper, wing-shaped part on each side |
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Term
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Definition
| anterior portion of the pelvic bone |
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Term
|
Definition
| large socket in the pelvic bone for the head of the femur |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| smooth layer of gristle covering the contacting surface of joints |
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Term
|
Definition
| crescent-shaped cartilage found in the knee |
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Term
|
Definition
| cartilaginous pad found between the vertebrae in the spine |
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Term
|
Definition
| cartilaginous joint at which two pubic bones fuse together |
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Term
|
Definition
| fluid secreted by the synovial membrane and found in joint cavities |
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Term
|
Definition
| fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another |
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Term
|
Definition
| flexible, tough band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches one bone to another at a joint |
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Term
|
Definition
| band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone |
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Term
|
Definition
| strong sheet of tissue that acts as a tendon to attach muscle to bone |
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Term
| skeletal muscles (striated muscles) |
|
Definition
| attached to bones by tendons and make body movement possible. These muscles produce action by pulling and by working in pairs. Also known as voluntary muscles because we have control over these muscles |
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Term
| smooth muscles (unstriated muscles) |
|
Definition
| located in internal organs such as the walls of blood vessels and the digestive tract. They are also called involuntary muscles because they respond to impulses from the autonomic nerves and are not controlled voluntarily. |
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Term
| cardiac muscle (myocardium) |
|
Definition
| forms most of the wall of the heart. Its involuntary contraction produces the heartbeat. |
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Term
|
Definition
| movement of drawing away from the middle |
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Term
|
Definition
| movement of drawing toward the middle |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| movement in which a limb is placed in a straight position |
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Term
|
Definition
| movement in which a limb is bent |
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Term
|
Definition
| movement that turns the palm down |
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Term
|
Definition
| movement that turns the palm up |
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Term
|
Definition
| turning around its own axis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| loin, lumbar region of the spine |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| phalanges (finger or toe bones) |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| synovia, synovial membrane |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| lamina (thin, flat plate or layer) |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
together, joined
(prefix) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
surgical fixation, fusion
(suffix) |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| abnormal condition of stiffness (often referring to a joint, such as the result of chronic rheumatoid arthritis) |
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of a joint (most common forms are rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis) |
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of joint cartilages |
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the bursa |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| drooping of the wrist (wristdrop) |
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Term
|
Definition
| softening of the cartilage |
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Term
|
Definition
| (congenital) fissure of the skull |
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of an (intervertebral) disk |
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Term
|
Definition
| pain in the fibrous tissues and muscles (a common condition characterized by wide-spread pain and stiffness of muscles, fatigue, and disturbed sleep) |
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Term
|
Definition
| abnormal condition of a hump (of the thoracic spine) (hunchback or humpback) |
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Term
|
Definition
| abnormal condition of bending forward (forward curvature of the lumbar spine) (swayback) |
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the maxilla |
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the meniscus |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| (malignant) tumor of the bone marrow |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the bone and joint |
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Term
|
Definition
| cancerous tumor of the bone |
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the bone and cartilage |
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Term
|
Definition
| tumor of the bone and fibrous tissue |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the bone and bone marrow |
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Term
|
Definition
| abnormal condition of stonelike bones (marblelike bones caused by increased formation of bone) |
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Term
|
Definition
| malignant tumor of the bone |
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of many muscles |
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Term
|
Definition
| (congenital) fissure of the vertebral column (spina bifida) |
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Term
|
Definition
| abnormal (lateral) curve (of the spine) |
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the vertebral joints |
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Term
|
Definition
| malignant tumor of the synovial membrane |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the tendon and synovial membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| form of arthritis that first affects the spine and adjacent structures, and that, as it progresses, causes a forward bend of the spine (Strumpell-Marie arthritis or disease, and rheumatoid spondylitis) |
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Term
|
Definition
| abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe. It is a common problem, often hereditary or caused by poorly fitted shoes (hallux valgus) |
|
|
Term
| carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) |
|
Definition
| a common, painful disorder of the wrist caused by compression of a nerve |
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Term
|
Definition
| a type of wrist fracture (the fracture is at the lower end of the radius, the distal fragment being displaced backward) |
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Term
|
Definition
| abnormal benign growth on the surface of a bone (spur) |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disease in which an excessive amount of uric acid in the blood causes sodium urate crystals (tophi) to be deposited in the joints, especially that of the great toe |
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Term
|
Definition
| rupture of the intervertebral disk cartilage, which allows the contents to protrude through it, putting pressure on the spinal nerve roots (slipped disk, ruptured disk, herniated intervertebral disk, or herniated nucleus pulposus) |
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Term
|
Definition
| group of hereditary diseases characterized by degeneration of muscle and weakness |
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Term
|
Definition
| chronic disease characterized by muscle weakness and thought to be caused by a defect in the transmission of impulses from nerve to muscle cell. The face, larynx, and throat are frequently affected; no true paralysis of the muscles exists. |
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Term
|
Definition
| abnormal loss of bone density occurring frequently in postmenopausal women |
|
|
Term
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA) |
|
Definition
| a chronic systemic disease characterized by autoimmune inflammatory changes in the connective tissue throughout the body |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| (surgical) breaking of a (stiff) joint |
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Term
|
Definition
| surgical fixation of a joint |
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Term
|
Definition
| surgical repair of a joint |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| excision of a carpal bone |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| surgical repair of cartilage |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| incision of the skull (as for surgery of the brain) |
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Term
|
Definition
| surgical repair of the skull |
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Term
|
Definition
| excision of an intervertebral disk |
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Term
|
Definition
| excision of a lamina (often performed to relieve pressure of the nerve roots in the lower spine caused by a herniated disk and other conditions) |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| excision of the meniscus (performed for a torn cartilage) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| (surgical) breaking of a bone (to correct a deformity) |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| excision of a finger or toe bone |
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Term
|
Definition
| incision into the vertebral column |
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Term
|
Definition
| fusing together of the vertebrae (spinal fusion) |
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Term
|
Definition
| excision of the synovial membrane (of a joint) |
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Term
|
Definition
| excision of (one or more) tarsal bones |
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Term
|
Definition
| surgical repair of the tendon and muscle |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| surgical repair of the vertebra |
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Term
|
Definition
| x-ray imaging a joint (with contrast medium). (MRI has mostly replaced this as the imaging technique for the knee, wrist, hip, and shoulder. It is still used for specialized functions such as when metal is present in the body. |
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Term
|
Definition
| visual examination of a joint |
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Term
|
Definition
| surgical puncture of a joint to aspirate fluid |
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Term
|
Definition
| record of the (intrinsic) electrical activity in a (skeletal) muscle |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| without development (wasting) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to the cranium |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to the humerus |
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Term
|
Definition
| excessive movement (overactive) |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to the ilium and femur |
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Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to between the ribs |
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Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to between the vertebrae |
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Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to within the cranium |
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Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to the ischium and fibula |
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Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to the ischium and pubis |
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Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to the loins (the part of the back between the thorax and pelvis) |
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Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to the loins and the ribs |
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Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to the lumbar regions (loin) and the sacrum |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| abnormal death of bone (tissues) |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to the pelvis and the sacrum |
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Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to the pubis and femur |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to the sacrum and vertebrae |
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Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to the sternum and clavicle |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to below the rib |
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Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to below the mandible |
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Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to below the maxilla |
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Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to below the scapula |
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Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to below the sternum |
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Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to above the scapula |
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Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to above the patella |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to the vertebrae and ribs |
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Term
|
Definition
| specialist in treating and diagnosing diseases and disorders of the foot, including medical and surgical treatment |
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Term
|
Definition
| system of therapy that consists of manipulation of the vertebral column |
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Term
|
Definition
| specialist in chiropractic |
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Term
|
Definition
| branch of medicine dealing with the study and treatment of diseases and abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system |
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Term
|
Definition
| physician who specializes in orthopedics |
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Term
|
Definition
| making and fitting of orthopedic appliances, such as arch supports, used to support, align, prevent, or correct deformities |
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Term
|
Definition
| a person who specializes in orthotics |
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Term
|
Definition
| physician who specializes in osteopathy |
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Term
|
Definition
| system of medicine that uses the usual forms of diagnosis and treatment but places greater emphasis on the role of the relation between body organs and the musculoskeletal system; manipulation may be used in addition to other treatments |
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Term
|
Definition
| an artificial substitute for a missing body part such as a leg, eye, or total hip replacement |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| herniated nucleus pulposus |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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