Term
|
Definition
| carbon is double bonded to an oxygen atom and single bonded to two other atoms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carbonyl group is directly bonded to at least one hydrogen atom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two carbon atoms are directly bonded to the carbonyl group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| suffix used when naming aldehydes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| suffix used when naming ketones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why is the boiling point of pure ketones and aldehydes lower than that of other molecules with similar molecular weights |
|
Definition
| because the lack of a hydrogen on the oxygen prevents the formation of hydrogen bonds between molecules |
|
|
Term
| do aldehydes and ketones higher or lower boiing points than alkanes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why is the bp of alkanes lower than ketones and aldehydes? |
|
Definition
| because the alkanes are nonpolar, but the electronegative oxygen on the carbonyl group makes the aldehydes polar. |
|
|
Term
| are aldehydes and ketones soluble in water? |
|
Definition
| yes, the low molecular weight ones are |
|
|
Term
| why are aldehydes and ketones soluble in water? |
|
Definition
| because the oxygen in the carbonyl group is able to make h bonds with the water |
|
|
Term
| when aldehydes are oxidized using primary alcohols, what is the product? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the chief reason aldehydes and ketones are classified in different families |
|
Definition
| the difference in reactivity toward oxidation |
|
|
Term
| what are two common reagents used to test for the presence of aldehydes? |
|
Definition
| benedicts reagent and tollens reagent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a milde oxidizing solution containing silver ions |
|
|
Term
| what is the product when hydrogen is added to an aldehyde |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the product when hydrogen is added to a ketone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a compound that contains an -OH group and an -OR group on the same carbon |
|
|
Term
| what is formed when a hemmiacetal is combined with excess alcohol and an acid catalyst |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| compounds that contain a carbon that has a hydrogen and two -OR groups attached |
|
|
Term
| what is added to an aldehyde to initiate the formation of a hemiacetal |
|
Definition
| an alcohol (usually ethanol) |
|
|
Term
| how is a hemiacetal converted into an acetal |
|
Definition
| alcohol is added and the O-CH3 group replaces the -OH group |
|
|
Term
| what happens when a molecule contains both an -OH group and a C=O group on different carbon atoms? |
|
Definition
| a cyclic hemiacetal is formed |
|
|
Term
| are cyclic acetals more or less stable than noncyclic acetals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in an cyclic acetal the -OH group is (blank) and the -H group is (blank) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in a cyclic hemiacetal the -OH group is (blank) and the -H group is (blank) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| water causes a compound to spilt into component substances |
|
|
Term
| what is the most important aldehyde |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what state is formaldehyde in at room temperature |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in what form is formaldehyde usually used? |
|
Definition
| 37% aqueous solution called formalin |
|
|
Term
| what is formaldehyde usually used for? |
|
Definition
| sterilizing agent, embalming and the production of plastics |
|
|
Term
| what two important biological compounds are both ketones? |
|
Definition
| progesterone and testosterone |
|
|
Term
| alkenes plus hydrogen yields |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| alkynes plus hydrogen yields |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| aldehydes plus hydrogen yields |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ketones plus hydrogen yields |
|
Definition
|
|
