Term
| The presence of microbes in or on our body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Overcome the body's external defenses, multiply (growth), and become established in the body;such a successful invasion of the body by a pathogen is called... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Overcome the body's external defenses, multiply (growth), and become established in the body;such a successful invasion of the body by a pathogen is called... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Disturbance in the state of health |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Microbes that live on and in body without causing apparent harm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of normal flora? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what body parts do not have normal flora? |
|
Definition
| brain, blood, urinary tract, urethra, alveoli of the lungs |
|
|
Term
| What are the three conditions where normal microbiota become opportunistic? |
|
Definition
| immune supression, changes in normal microbiota, and normal microbiota in an unusual area |
|
|
Term
| What are the types of symbiosis? |
|
Definition
| Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism |
|
|
Term
| In _____ both members benefit from interaction. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an example of mutualism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In _______ one member of the relationship benefits without effecting the other. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an example of commensalism? |
|
Definition
| Staphlococcus epidermis on the skin |
|
|
Term
| In _______ one harms the other. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an example of parasitism? |
|
Definition
| tuberculosis in lungs or scabies |
|
|
Term
| Colonization of normal flora in newborns occurs... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does the baby first come in contact with normal flora? |
|
Definition
| During birth, 1st breath, and 1st feeding |
|
|
Term
Toxoplasma gondii/taxoplasmosis
treponema pallidum/syphilis
listeria monocytogenes/listerosis
cytomegalovirus/adult asymptomatic
parovirus B19/erythema infectiosum
lentivirus (HIV)/AIDS
rubivirus/german measles
These are examples of what? |
|
Definition
| pathogens that can cross the placenta |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 ways normal flora protect our bodies? |
|
Definition
| prevent attachment of invaders, deplete essential nutrients, produce antimicrobial substances. |
|
|
Term
| What antimicrobial substance does the normal flora E.coli produce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does bacteriocin do ? |
|
Definition
| kills other pathogens like samonella and shigella in the colon |
|
|
Term
| What bacteria lowers the pH of the vagina to prevent pathogens? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pseudomona aerogenosa and staphylococcus aureus are examples of what? |
|
Definition
| Causes of nosocomial infections |
|
|
Term
| What are adhesion factors in protozoa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are adhesion factors in helminths? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Surface lipoproteins and glycoproteins that are used for adhesion are called what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adhesins, ligands are examples of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Specialized structures the aid in attachment of pathogens to cells? |
|
Definition
| capsule, slime layer, pili, and fimbrae |
|
|
Term
| Enzymes,toxins,antiphagocytic factors, and antiphagocytic chemicals are what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the action of hyaluronidase? |
|
Definition
| Digests hyalauronic acid, the "glue" that holds animal cells together allowing bacteria to invade deeper tissues. |
|
|
Term
| What is the action of collagenase? |
|
Definition
| Digests collagen to be able to get into deeper tissues? |
|
|
Term
| What is the action of coagulase? |
|
Definition
| Coagulate blood proteins to get a hiding place/protection from blood proteins. |
|
|
Term
| What is the action of streptokinase? |
|
Definition
| digests blood clot to invasion of damaged tissues |
|
|
Term
| Hyaluronidase, collagenase, coagulase, and kinases are examples of what? |
|
Definition
| extracellular enzymes that are a virulence factor |
|
|
Term
| What does some bacteria secrete that are central to their pathogenicity in that they destroy host cells or interfere with host metabolism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are three examples of exotoxins? |
|
Definition
| cytotoxins, enterotoxins, neurotoxins |
|
|
Term
| What causes botulism, tetanus, gas gangrene, diptheria, cholera, plague, staphylococcal food poisoning? |
|
Definition
| exotoxins/clostridia/S.aureus |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of an antiphagocytic factor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why would a bacteria hide in a capsule and how does the capsule effectively hide the bacteria? |
|
Definition
| hide from macrophages (wbc) so they dont engulf and remove them. Most capsules are made of chemicals that are similar to ones in the body so they dont stimulate an immune response. |
|
|
Term
| An antiphagocytic chemical that kills wbc? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What prevents fusion of lysosome and phagocytic vesicles to the bacteria? |
|
Definition
| Antiphagocytic chemicals (M protein) |
|
|
Term
| Ear wax, broken skin, skin flakes, feces, seminal vesicles, urine, vaginal secretions, blood, sputum, saliva are examples of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sites where pathogens are maintained as a source of infection are? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of reservoirs of infection? |
|
Definition
| animal, human, nonliving (air, water,food) |
|
|
Term
| What are the three modes of transmission? |
|
Definition
| contact, vehicle, and vector |
|
|
Term
| Direct, fomites (indirect) and droplets within one meter are consider what mode of transmission? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Airborne (over one meter), waterborne and foodborne are consider what mode of transmission? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| biological or mechanical are considered what mode of transmission? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mosquitos, ticks, fleas, louse, blood sucking flies, blood sucking bug, and mites(chiggers) are what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Housefly and cockroaches are consider what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Malaria, yellow fever, elephantiasis, dengue, viral encephalitis are spread by what? |
|
Definition
| mosquitos (anopheles/aedes) |
|
|
Term
| Lyme disease, rocky mountain spotted fever are spread by what? |
|
Definition
| ticks (ixodes/dermacentor) |
|
|
Term
| bubonic plague and endemic typhus are spread by what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| epidemic typhus is spread by what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| African sleeping sickness, river blindness are spread by what? |
|
Definition
| bloodsucking flies (glossina and simulium) |
|
|
Term
| Chagas' disease is spread by what? |
|
Definition
| bloodsucking bug (triatoma) |
|
|
Term
| scrub typhus is spread by what? |
|
Definition
| mite/chiggers (leptotrombidium) |
|
|
Term
| foodborne infections from shigella, salmonella and e.coli are spread by what? |
|
Definition
| housefly (musca) and cockroaches (Blatella and periplaneta) |
|
|
Term
| subjective characteristics that are only felt by the person are called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| objective characteristics that can be measured are called what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pain, nausea, headache, chills, sore throat, fatigue, malaise, itching and abdominal cramps are signs true or false? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| swelling, rash or redness, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, pus formation, anemia, leukocytosis, bubo (swollen lymphnodes), and tachy/brady cardia are symptoms true or false? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| groups of signs and symptoms are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The period start of infection to the 1st time feeling the symtoms (no signs or symptoms during this stage) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mild symptoms start, increase in number of pathogens. Vague general symptoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What stage of infectious disease could be absent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the most severe stage of signs and symptoms. if body doesnt fight them off, could die |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| declining symptoms and signs, numbers start to decrease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| no more sign and symptoms and body starts to heal and recover |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When a disease comes from another infected host either directly or indirectly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Influenza, herpes, and tuberculosis are examples what classification of how diseases are spread? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a communicable disease is easily transmitted between hosts, as is the case of chicken pox or measles its called what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diseases that arise outside of hosts from normal microbiota and they are not spread from one host to another. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tetanus and botulism are what classification of disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In occurence of diseases, the number of new cases divided by given time is what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In occurrence, the number of old cases plus the number of new cases divided by time is called what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Occurs occasionaly. Few cases occur in US and are scattered are called what frequency? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diseases that are always present and are continuous are what frequency? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When many people are affected within a short period of time and present in certain regions at high rates is called what frequency? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A worldwide epidemic is called what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When a disease develops rapidly and last a short time it is called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When a disease develops slowly but continual and recurrent it is called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When a disease is between acute and chronic it is called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When pathogens remain inactive for long period of time before producing signs and symptoms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the study of the cause of disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the study of the location, course and transmission of diseases within populations? |
|
Definition
|
|
