Term
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Definition
| Genes that are same chromosome |
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Term
| Do syntetic genes seggregate independently into gametes? |
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Definition
| No they do not assort independently |
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Term
| Describe an unlinked gene and linked gene |
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Definition
| unlinked genes are on a different chromosome and segregate independently into gametes.Meanwhile, linked genes are on the same chromosome |
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Term
| Genetic recombination produces what? |
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Definition
| RECOMBINANTS , progeny that shows nonparental recombinations. |
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Term
| What is used to determine which genes are linked to each other ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Genetic mapping provides information , can you name such an example of information that can be attained? |
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Definition
locations of genes on chromosomes
Useful in recombinant DNA research
Investigate genes and their functions |
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Term
Match
a. Gene Marker
b.DNA marker
c. Genetic marker
1. mutation or varient gives a distinguishablephenotype
2.Alleles of genes
3.Polymorphic |
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Definition
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Term
| t/f: Physical maps do no depend on the exchange of homologous chromosomes parts during meiosis by crossin over. |
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Definition
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Term
| What percentage is expected of recombinant phenotypes in independent assortment |
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Definition
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Term
| During the crossing of Drosophilia what was Morgan's main conclusion? |
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Definition
| during meiosis alleles of some genes assort together because they lie near each other on the same chromosome |
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Term
| State the Law of Indpendent assortment of gene pairs |
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Definition
| Genes on different traits assort independently of one another in the production of gametes. |
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Term
| recombinants are produce as a result of a process called.. |
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Definition
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Term
| the closer the genes are the(less or more) likely there will be a recombination event between them |
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Definition
| the closer the genes are the less likely recombination occurs between them |
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Term
| If incomplete linkage what has occured |
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Definition
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Term
| If there is less than 50% recombinant phenotypes what does that tell you about the genes ? |
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Definition
| INDICATES LINKAGE OF THE GENES |
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Term
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Definition
| the place on a homologous pair of chromosomes at which a physical exchange is occurring , basically the site of crossing over |
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Term
| The reciprocal exchange of chromatid segments at corresponding positions along homologous chromosomes: the process involves the breakage and rejoining of two chromatids |
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Definition
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Term
| Morgan postulated that a relationship existed between the production of phenotypic classes in F2 Progeny and what else? |
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Definition
| and the formation of the chiasma during meiosis |
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Term
| T/F: Crossing over is not universally accepted due trials which made Morgan's theory incorrect |
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Definition
| False: Crossing over is universally accepted |
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Term
| What stage does crossing over occur at? |
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Definition
| The Four chromatid stage in prophase 1 in meiosis |
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Term
| What type of markers are cytologically detectable, deliver visible changes in the chromosomes that make it possible to distinguish the chromosomes. Hence, the results of crossing over under the microscope is possible |
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Definition
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Term
| The study of corn by Harriet Creighton and Barbara McClintock studied what kind of genes? |
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Definition
| X linked genes that have different shape |
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Term
| Is there an exchange if cytological markers in the parental class? |
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Definition
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Term
| 1st evidence for crossing over came from what experiment? |
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Definition
| Corn Harriet and McClintock |
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Term
| 2nd Evidence for crossing over was from ? |
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Definition
| Curt Stern on Drosophilia melanogaster |
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Term
| in the cross of chromosomal exchange in Drosophilia melanogaster done by Stern was there any chromosome parts exchanged? |
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Definition
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Term
| A)The proof that genetic recombination occurs when crossin over takes place during meiosis came from what sort of expiriments? |
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Definition
| Experiments in which the parental chromosomes differed with respect to both the genetic and cytological markers. |
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Term
| Experiments in which parental chromosomes differed with respect to both the genetic and cytological markers showed what about the markers invovled? |
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Definition
| that whenever recombinant phenotypes had occured the cytological markers indicated that crossing over had also occured. |
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Term
| Does crossing over occur before meiosis? |
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Definition
| No it occurs in ProphaseI one during the tetrad stage when the chromatids are loosely aligned |
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Term
Place in order Holiday Model for Reciprocal genetic recombination:
1. Branch migration occurs in thsi case to the right and 4 arm structure follows when chromosome ends are pulled apart
2. Single strand of each DNA breaks and invades other DNA
3.Gaps crossed strands sealed by enzymes to for Holiday Intermidiate
4. Recognition & alignment of homologous chromosomes
5. Redrawn Holiday Intermediate
6.Gapped helices are produced
7. Holiday intermediate is cut by endonuclase in horizontal or vertical plane
8. Clevage product gaps are sealed by enzyme activity |
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Definition
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Term
| If there are too many parental phenotypes and too few recombinants and this deviation is significant what does that tell you about the linkage of the genes? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes |
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Definition
| FALSE: crossing over only occurs between non homologous chromosomes. |
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Term
| Chi Square Test is used to determine what? |
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Definition
| If the two genes are UNLINKED |
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Term
| IF P < .05 the deviation from expected values is or is not statically significant and is or is not due to chance? |
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Definition
| it is significant and it is NOT due to chance |
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Term
| If P<.05 do you reject or accept independent assortment . Are genes possibly linked or unlinked |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: Frequency of recombinants is the same no matter how genes are arranged relative to each other on the chromosome |
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Definition
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Term
| If P> .05 what does that tell you |
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Definition
| it is not statistically significant and could have occured by chance alone |
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Term
When two wild type alleles are on one homolog and the two recessive mutuant alleles are another homolog what is this arrangement called?
w+m+
w m
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Definition
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Term
when each homolog carries the wild type allele of one gene and the mutuant allele of the other gene the arrangement is called?
W+M
W M+
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Definition
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Term
| Can crossing over occur at any point on a chromosome arm? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the unit that genes are measured in a genetic map ? |
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Definition
| 1mu o 1 Centimorgan (cm), where 1 mu is defined as 1% crossing over takes place |
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Term
| Two point test cross are used to determine what? |
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Definition
| the relative number of parental and recombinant progeny |
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Term
| Two point test cross for X linked genes would be a doubly ( hemizygous or heterozygous) females crossed with a (hemizyous, heterozygous) male carying the recesisve alleles. |
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Definition
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Term
| In a two point test cross, the value of reombinations is more accurate if genes are closer of further apart on the chromosome.. |
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Definition
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Term
| In cases a two point test cross should yield a pair of parental types that occur with (less than , equal, greater than) frequency and a pair of recombinant types that also occur with about (< ,=,>) frequency |
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Definition
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Term
The actual phenotypes in a two point test cross depends on what?
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Definition
| two allelic pairs in the homologous chromosomes are in coupling (cis) or in repulsion( trans) |
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Term
| are cross overs randomly arranged or sequently arranged along a chromosome? |
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Definition
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Term
A)Can multiple cross overs occur?
B) For any test cross can recombinants exceed 50%?
c) how are genes unlinked( 2 ways) |
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Definition
A) yes
b) no
c)seperate chromosomes and due the distance apart from each other |
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Term
Single Cross over = how many recombinants
Double cross over =how many recombinants
Triple Cross over=how many recombinants
Four srtrand cross over= how many recombinants |
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Definition
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Term
| HOW COULD THERE BE A DIRECT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENETIC MAPS DISTANCE AND RECOMBINANTION FREQUENCY? |
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Definition
| IF NO MULTIPLE CROSSOVERS OCCURED BETWEEN GENES |
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Term
| WHEN NO MULTIPLE CROSSOVERS BETWEEN GENES OCCUR IS THE RECOMBINATION FREQUENCY SMALL OR LARGE? |
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Definition
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Term
IN MULTIPLE CROSS OVERS:
THE FARTHER APART THE GENES ARE THE GREATER OR LESS THE CHANCE OF MULTIPLE CROSSOVERS AND ACCURATE MEASUREMENTS ARE NOT POSSIBLE |
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Definition
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Term
A)In order to get an accuate map distance we can study genes that are closer or farther apart?
B) 3 POINT TEST CROSSED ARE USED FOR? |
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Definition
closer
MONITORING DOUBLE CROSS OVERS AND DETERMINING THE RECOMBINATION FREQUENCY |
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Term
T:F
1. ONCE ONE CROSSOVER OCCURS THE ODDS FOR A SECOND ARE INCREASED
2. CHIASMA INTERFERENCE IS BELEIVED TO BE THE CAUSE IN THE CORRECT STATEMENT ABOVE
3.THE AMOUNT OF INTERFERENCE CAN BE CALCULATED FOR THE WHOLE GENE MAP |
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Definition
1. FALSE THE CHANCES REDUCED
2.TRUE
TRUE |
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Term
A COINCIDNECE OF 1 SAYS WHAT ABOUT DOUBLE CROSS OVERS?
A COINCIDENCE OF 0?
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Definition
1: ALL EXPECTED DOUBLE CROSSOVERS OCCURED
0: NON OF THE EXPECTED CROSSOVERS OCCURED THUS THERE IS TOTAL INTERFERENCE. WITH ONE PREVENTING THE ANOTHER |
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Term
| IS THE CROSSOVER FREQUENCY AND RECOMBINATION FREQUENCY SYNONYMOUS? |
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Definition
| NO THEY ARE NOT SYNONYMOUS |
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