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Chapter 14
Vocabulary
16
Social Studies
12th Grade
12/09/2012

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Term
divided government
Definition
one party controls the white house & another party controls one or both houses of congress
Term
unified government
Definition
the same party controls the white house & both houses of congress
Term
gridlock
Definition
the inability of the government to act because rival parties control different parts of the government
Term
electoral college
Definition
the people chosen to cast each state's votes in a presidential election; each state can cast one electoral vote for each senator & representative it has; the district of columbia has three electoral votes, even though it cannot elect a representative or senator
Term
pyramid structure
Definition
a president's subordinates report to him through a clear chain of command headed by a chief of staff
Term
circular structure
Definition
several of the president's assistants report directly to him
Term
ad hoc structure
Definition
several subordinates, cabinet officers, & committees report directly to the president on different matters
Term
cabinet
Definition
the heads of the fifteen executive bran departments of the federal government
Term
bully pulpit
Definition
the president's use of his prestige & visibility to guide or enthuse the American public
Term
veto message
Definition
a message from the president to Congress stating that he will not sign a bill it has passed; must be produced within ten days of the bill's passage
Term
pocket veto
Definition
a bill fails to become law because the president did not sign it within ten days before Congress adjourns
Term
line-item veto
Definition
an executive's ability to block a particular provision in a bill passed by the legislature
Term
signing statement
Definition
a presidential document that reveals what the president thinks of a new law & how it ought to be enforced
Term
legislative veto
Definition
the authority of Congress to block a presidential action after it has taken place; the Supreme Court has held that Congress does not have this power
Term
impeachment
Definition
charges against a president approved by a majority of the House of Representatives
Term
lame duck
Definition
a person still in office after he or she has lost a big for reelection
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