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Chapter 14
Bio 181
29
Biology
Undergraduate 1
07/15/2012

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Term
Two
Definition
the number of alleles inherited for most traits in humans and pea plants
Term
Pedigree
Definition
A genotypic family tree
Term
Mendel
Definition
The father of modern genetics
Term
Particulate
Definition
Theory of heredity coined by an
Augistinian Monk
Term
Co dominance
Definition
Inheritance Characterized by full expression of both alleles in the heterozygote (e.g. blood type)
Term
Epistasis
Definition
Interaction between two NON-allelic genes in which one modifies the phenotypic expression of the other
Term
Homozygous
Definition
genotypic condition of having two
identical alleles
Term
Shaded
Definition
A ________ symbol
represents expression of that
trait in a pedigree
Term
Dominant
Definition
The trait that always appears in the F1 generation after a cross between two true-breeding organisms with different traits
Term
Gene
Definition
genetic term for the collective alleles that code for a single trait
Term
True Breeding
Definition
Always producing offspring that have the same traits as the parents when they are self- fertilized
Term
Monohybrid
Definition
cross between two heterozygotes for a single trait
Term
Heterozygous
Definition
genotypic condition of having two
different alleles
Term
Genotype
Definition
The genetic make-up for a particular trait (alleles)
Term
Multiple Alleles
Definition
more than two alleles code for a given trait (e.g. blood type)
Term
Punnett
Definition
Man who invented a method utilizing squares to represent gametes for determining potential genotypes of offspring
Term
Complete Dominance
Definition
Genetic term describing a phenotype that is fully expressed in the heterozygote
Term
Pleiotropy
Definition
The ability of a single gene to have multiple phenotypic effects (e.g. sickle cell)
Term
Circles
Definition
symbolize females in a pedigree
Term
Independent assortment
Definition
The term for each allele segregating independently during metaphase I of meiosis
Term
Incomplete Dominance
Definition
Genetic term describing a phenotype that is not fully expressed in the heterozygote
Term
Polygenic
Definition
_________ inheritance is when several genes code for a single trait
Term
Dihybrid
Definition
cross between two heterozygotes for two traits
Term
Blending
Definition
type of inheritance assumed before inheritance
Term
Test Cross
Definition
A cross between an unknown expressing a dominant phenotype and a homozygous recessive. Done to determine the genotype
Term
Alleles
Definition
Alternative forms of a gene
Term
Recessive
Definition
The trait that always absent (masked) in the F1 generation after a cross between two true- breeding organisms with different traits
Term
Phenotype
Definition
The expressed trait that can be seen or measured
Term
Square
Definition
symbolize males in a pedigree
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