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Definition
| the scientific study of disease |
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Definition
| the study of a cause of a disease |
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| the manner in which a disease develops |
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| colonization of the body by pathogens; the presence of a particular type of organism in a part of the body where it is normally not found |
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| an abnormal state in which the body is not functioning normally; occurs when an infection results in any change from a state of health |
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Definition
| one organism benefits, the other is unaffected |
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Definition
| the normal microbiota can benefit the host by preventing the overgrowth of harmful organisms |
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| normal microbiota protect the host by... |
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Definition
| occupying niches that pathogens might occupy, producing acids, and producing bacteriocins |
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Definition
| proteins that will kill similar species but leave the producer intact |
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Definition
| live microbes applied to or ingested into the body, intended to exert a beneficial effect |
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| change in body function that subjective changes that are not apparent to an observer (pain, headache) |
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Definition
| objective changes that the physician can observe and measure |
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Definition
| a specific group of symptoms or signs that can accompany a particular disease |
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Definition
| spreads from one host to another directly or indirectly |
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Definition
| diseases that are easily spread from one person to another |
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Definition
| number of people in a population who develop a disease during a particular time period; indicator of the spread of a disease |
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Definition
| number of people in a population who develop a disease at a specified time; regardless of when it first appeared; both old and new cases; indicator of how seriously and how ling a disease affects a population |
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Definition
| constantly present in a population |
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Definition
| many people in a given area acquire a certain disease in a relatively short period |
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Definition
| an epidemic disease that occurs worldwide |
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Definition
| immunity in most of a population; immunity in part of the population protects the rest of the population. |
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Definition
| a local infection enters the blood or lymph and spreads to other specific parts of the body |
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Definition
| blood poisoning, a systemic infection arising from the multiplication (growth) of pathogens in the blood |
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Definition
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Definition
| severe inflammatory response syndrome (sepsis if due to a bacterial infection) |
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Definition
| time interval between the initial and the first appearance of any signs or symptoms |
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Definition
| relatively short period that follows the period of incubation in some diseases characterized by early, mild symptoms of disease (general aches, malaise) |
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Definition
| the person regains strength and the body returns to its prediseased state |
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| diseases that occur primarily in wild and domestic animals and can be transmitted to human |
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Definition
| two major reservoirs are soil and water; improperly prepared foods |
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Definition
| any nonliving object involved in the spread of an infection |
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Definition
| microbes are spread in droplet nuclei that travel only short distances |
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Definition
| arthropods, especially fleas, ticks and mosquitos |
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Definition
| an active process of biting and the disease reproducing within the vector |
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Definition
| one that does not show any evidence of being present or incubating at the time of admission to the hospital; it is acquired as a result of the hospital stay and other healthcare facilities. 5-15% of all hospital patients |
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Definition
| study of where diseases occur and how they are transmitted in populations |
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Definition
| 1848-1849. mapped cholera occurrence in London |
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Definition
| 1846-1848. number of births and maternal deaths and hand washing prevented puerperal sepsis (childbirth fever) |
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Definition
| 1858. recorded statistics of epidemic typhus in the english civilian and military populations |
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Definition
| collection and analysis of data that describes the occurrance of the diseases under study; information about the affected individual and the place and period in which the disease occurred; usually retrospective (snow) |
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Term
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Definition
| comparison of a diseased group and a health group; case control method- looks for factors that might have preceeded the disease (nightengale); cohort methods; studies two populations; one that has had contact with the agent causing a disease and another that has not (blood transfusion) |
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Definition
| incidence of a specific notifiable disease |
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| deaths from notifiable diseases |
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Definition
| number of people affected by a disease in a given period of time in relation to the total population |
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Definition
| the number of deaths resulting from a disease in a population in a given period of time in relation to the total population |
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