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Chapter 14
Criminal Law
51
Law
11th Grade
02/01/2011

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Term
abduction
Definition
The offense of taking a person by fraud and persuasion or by open violence; kidnapping.
Term
act
Definition
Performance, deed, or movement, as distinguished from remaining at rest.
Term
appeal
Definition
Review of decision of lower court.
Term
arraignment
Definition
The act of calling the defendant to court to answer an indictment or complaint.
Term
arrest
Definition
The act of seizing a person and detaining him in custody.
Term
assault
Definition
International causing of an apprehension of harmful or offensive contact?
Term
bail
Definition
Guarantees accused will appear in court; security given to obtain temporary release of a person under arrest.
Term
battery
Definition
Intentional infliction of a harmful or offensive contact upon a person. (Not recognized in Ohio)
Term
booking
Definition
Entering the name of the person arrested in the police department's arrest book.
Term
bribery
Definition
The receiving of an offering of any gift or favor in order to influence a person in the line of duty or trust.
Term
coercion
Definition
Compulsion or force; making a person act against free will.
Term
confession
Definition
A voluntary admission of guilt.
Term
conviction
Definition
The result of a criminal trial in which a person is found guilty.
Term
corpus delicti
Definition
"Body of the offense;" the elements necessary to prove that a crime has been committed.
Term
crime
Definition
A violation of the law that is punished as an offense against the state or government (society)
Term
criminal law
Definition
Law related to crime and punishment.
Term
deterrence
Definition
Discouraging people from violating the law by making an example of people convicted of crimes.
Term
district attorney
Definition
A public official, elected or appointed, whose chief duty is to prosecute suits on behalf of the state.
Term
double jeopardy
Definition
A defense that provides that no person can be tried twice for the same offense, once acquitted.
Term
embezzlement
Definition
A statutory offense consisting of one's fraudulent conversion of another's personal property by one to whom it has been entrusted.
Term
entrapment
Definition
Persuasive measures used by law enforcement officers to encourage a persons suspected of engaging in criminal practices to commit a crime.
Term
evidence
Definition
Proof legally presented at the trial of a case through witnesses, exhibits, and so forth.
Term
extortion
Definition
Any illegal taking of money by using threats, force, or misuse of public office.
Term
felony
Definition
Any major crime punishable by death or imprisonment in a state prison.
Term
forgery
Definition
The fraudulent making or altering of an instrument that would, were the instrument to be accepted as genuine, impose a legal liability on another.
Term
fraud
Definition
Deception practiced to induce another to part with property or surrender some legal right that accomplishes this end.
Term
habeas corpus
Definition
A writ of personal freedom requiring that a person unlawfully held in custody or restrained of liberty be brought into court for injury ito the matter of granting his or her release.
Term
homicide
Definition
The killing of one human being by another, whether or not the killing is lawful or justified.
Term
incapacitation
Definition
Keeping dangerous people isolated from the rest of society so that they cannot commit more crimes.
Term
intent
Definition
The state of mind with which an act is done.
Term
interrogation
Definition
The questioning of people in custody.
Term
kidnapping
Definition
Forcible abduction of a person.
Term
larceny
Definition
Stealing personal property belonging to another.
Term
manslaughter
Definition
The unlawful killing of another without malice.
Term
mayhem
Definition
The intentional maiming of disfiguring of a person.
Term
misdemeanor
Definition
Any crime or offense not as serious as a felony. Generally those offenses punishable by fine, imprisonment in the county jail or both.
Term
murder
Definition
The premeditated taking of a human life.
Term
nolo contendere
Definition
"No contest." A plea in criminal cases whereby the defendant offers no legal or factual defense to his acts, nor does he plead guilty. By doing this, he places himself at the mercy of the court.
Term
own recognizance (OR)
Definition
Obligation of the accused to return to court for trial when he or she has been released without bail.
Term
parole
Definition
A conditional release of a prisoner serving an unexpired sentence.
Term
perjury
Definition
The legal offense of swearing that something is true that one knows to be false.
Term
plea
Definition
An accused person's answer to a charge or indictment in criminal practice.
Term
plea bargaining
Definition
Defense attorney asks the prosecutor to accept a guilty plea for a less serious charge.
Term
probation
Definition
The act of suspending the sentence of a convicted offender while being placed under the supervision of a probation officer.
Term
rape
Definition
Sexual intercourse with a person without consent and chiefly by force or deception.
Term
rehabilitation
Definition
Trying to reform criminals through training, education, and counseling.
Term
retribution
Definition
Paying criminals back for the harm they have caused; a synonym for revenge.
Term
robbery
Definition
The illegal taking of property from the person of another by using force or threat of force.
Term
statutory rape
Definition
Rape perpetrated upon another person under a specific age in accordance with various state laws.
Term
treason
Definition
A betrayal of one's country; starting a rebellion.
Term
warrant
Definition
A writ authorizing an arrest, search, or seizure, written permission given by a judge to arrest a person, search a house, etc.
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