Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Chapter 14 Vocabulary
Chapter 14 vocabulary
38
Biology
10th Grade
01/31/2010

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Allele
Definition
Alternate versions of a gene that produce distinguishable phenotypic effects.
Term
Amniocentesis
Definition
S technique of prenatal diagnosis in which amniotic fluid obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus is analyzed to detect certain genetic and congenital defects.
Term
Carrier
Definition
In genetics, an individual who is heterozygous at a given genetic locus, with one norrmal allele and one potentially harmful recessive allele. The heterozygote is phenotypical,$ vly normal for the character determined by the gene, but can pass on harmful allele to offspring.
Term
Character
Definition
An observable heritable feature.
Term
Chronic villus sampling (CVS)
Definition
A technique of prenatal diagnosis in which a small sample of fthe fetal portion of the placenta is removed and analyzed to detect certain genetic and congenital defects in the fetus.
Term
Codominance
Definition
The situation in which the phenotypes f both alleles are exhibited in the heterozygote.
Term
Complete dominance
Definition
The situation in which the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable.
Term
Cystic Fibrosis
Definition
A human genetic disorder caused by a recessive allele for a chloride channel protein characterized by ann excessive secretion of mucus and consequent vulnerability to infection; fatal if untreated.
Term
Dihybrid
Definition

a hybrid produced by parents that differ only at two gene loci that have two alleles each. Pertaining to an organism with two different alleles for a gene responsible for a phenotype.

[image]
Term
Dominant allele
Definition
An allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygote.
Term
Epistasis
Definition
A type of gene interaction in which one gene alters the phenotypic effects of another gene that is indepently inherited.
Term
F1 generation
Definition
The first filial or hybrid offspring in a series of genetic crosses.
Term
F2 generation
Definition
Offspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid F1 generation.
Term
Genotype
Definition
The genetic makeup or set of alleles of an organism.
Term
Heterozygous
Definition
Having two different alleles for a given gene.
Term
Homozygous
Definition
Having two identical alleles for a given gene.
Term
Huntington's disease
Definition
A human genetic disease caused by a dominant allele; characterized by uncontrollable body movements and degeneration of the nervous system; usually fatal 10 to 20 years after the onset of symptoms.
Term
Hybridization
Definition
In genetics, the mating or crossing of two true-breeding varieties.
Term
Incomplete dominance
Definition
The situation in which the phenotype of heterzygotes is intermediate between the phenotypes of individuals homozygous for either allele.
Term
Law of independent assortment
Definition
Mendel's second law, stating that each pair of alleles segregates independently during gamete formation; applies when genes for two characters are located on different pairs off homologous chromosomes.
Term
Law of segregation
Definition
Mendel's first law, stating that each allele in a pair separates into a different gamete during gamete formation.
Term
Monohybrid
Definition
An organism that is heterozygous with respect to a single gene of interest. All of the offspring from a cross between parents homozygous for different alleles are monohybrids. For example, parents of genotypes AA and aa produce a monohybrid of genotype Aa.
Term
Multifactorial
Definition
Referring to a phenotype character that is influenced by multiplee genes and environmental factors.
Term
Norm of reaction
Definition
The range of phenotypes produced by a single genotype, due to environmental influences.
Term
P generation
Definition
The parent individuals from which offspring are derived in studies of inheritance; P stands for parental.
Term
Pedigree
Definition
A diagram of a family tree showing the occurence of heritable characters in parents and offspring over multiple generations.
Term
Phenotype
Definition
The physical and physiological traits of an organism, which are determined by its genetic makeup.
Term
Pleiotropy
Definition
The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.
Term
Polygenic inheriance
Definition
An additive effect of two or more gene loci on a singlee phenotypic character.
Term
Punnett square
Definition
A diagram used in the study of inheritannce to show the results of random fertilization in genetic crosses.
Term
Quantitative character
Definition
A heritable feature that varies continuously over a range rather than in an either-or fashion.
Term
Recessive allele
Definition
An allele whose phenotypic effect is not observed in a heterozygote.
Term
Sickle-cell disease
Definition
A human genetic disease caused by a recessive allele that results in the substition of a single amino acid in the hemoglovin protein; characterized by deformed red blood cells that can lead to numerous symptoms.
Term
Tay-Sachs disease
Definition
A human genetic disease caused by a recessive allele for a dysfunctional enzyme, leading to accumaltion of certain lipids in the brain. Seizures, blindness and degeneration of motor and mental performance usually become manifest for a few months after birth.
Term
Testcross
Definition
Breeding of an organism of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype. The ratio of phenotypes in the offspring determines the unknown genotype.
Term
Trait
Definition
 Any detectable varioation in a genetic character.
Term
True-breeding
Definition
Referring to plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!