Term
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Definition
| Carry or move inward or toward a central structure |
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Term
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Definition
| Protective mechanism that blocks specific substances found in the bloodstream from entering delicate brain tissue |
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Term
| central nervous system (CNS) |
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Definition
| Network of nervous tissue found in the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| Carry or move away from a central structure |
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Term
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Definition
| Projection of a neuron, especially the axon that transmits impulses |
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Term
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Definition
| Chamber or cavity of an organ that receives or holds a fluid |
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Term
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Definition
cerebrum
cerebr/o/tomy: incision of the cerebrum |
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Term
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Definition
cranium (skull)
crani/o/malacia: softening of the cramium |
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Term
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Definition
tree
dendr/oid: resembling a (branching) tree |
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Term
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Definition
brain
encephal/o/cele: herniation of the brain |
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Term
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Definition
ganglion (knot or knotlike mass)
gangli/ectomy: excision of a ganglion |
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Term
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Definition
glue; neuroglial tissue
gli/oma: tumor (composed of) neuroglioal tissue |
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Term
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Definition
movement
brady/kines/ia: condition of slow movement |
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Term
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Definition
thin, slender
lept/o/mening/o/pathy: disease of the meninges |
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Term
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Definition
word, phrase
dys/lex/ia: difficulty using words |
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Term
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Definition
meninges(membranes covering brain and spinal cord)
mening/o/cele: herniation of the meninges |
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Term
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Definition
meninges(membranes covering brain and spinal cord)
meningi/oma: tumor in the meninges |
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Term
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Definition
bone marrow; spinal cord
poli/o/myel/itis: inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
stupor; numbness; sleep
narc/o/tic: relating to sleep |
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Term
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Definition
nerve
neur/o/lysis: destruction of a nerve |
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Term
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Definition
nerve root
radicul/algia: pain in the nerve root |
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Term
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Definition
strength
hyper/sthen/ia: condition of excessive strength |
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Term
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Definition
thalamus
thalam/o/tomy: incision of the thalamus |
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Term
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Definition
sheath (usually refers to meninges)
intra/thec/al: pertaining to the space within a sheath |
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Term
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Definition
tension
dys/ton/ia: bad or poor muscle tone |
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Term
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Definition
ventricle (of heart of brain)
ventricul/o/metry: measurement of ventricle (pressure) |
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Term
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Definition
pain
an/algesia: absence of (a normal sense of) pain |
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Term
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Definition
pain
syn/algia: joined (referred) pain |
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Term
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Definition
weakness, debility
my/asthenia: muscle weakness |
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Term
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Definition
feeling
hyper/esthesia: increased feeling |
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Term
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Definition
movement
hyper/kinesia: excessive movement; also called hyperactivity |
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Term
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Definition
seizure
narc/o/lepsy: seizure of sleep |
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Term
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Definition
partial paralysis
hemi/paresis: paralysis of one-half (of the body); also called hemiplegia |
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Term
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Definition
speech
a/phasia: without speech |
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Term
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Definition
order, coordination
a/taxia: without coordination |
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Term
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Definition
thick
pachy/mening/itis: inflammation of the dura mater |
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Term
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Definition
near, beside; beyond
para/plegia: paralysis of lower body and limbs |
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Term
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Definition
union, together, joined
syn/algia: referred pain |
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Term
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Definition
one
uni/later/al: pertaining to one side |
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Term
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Definition
| Inability to comprehend auditory, visual, spatial, olfactory, or other sensations even though the sensory sphere is intact |
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Term
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Definition
| Weakness, debility, or loss of strength |
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Term
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Definition
| Lack of muscle coordination in the execution of voluntary movement |
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Term
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Definition
| Premonitory awareness of an approaching physical or mental disorder; peculiar sensation that precedes seizures |
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Term
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Definition
| Developmental disorder characterized by extreme withdrawal and an abnormal absorption in fantasy, usually accompanied by an inability to communicate even on a basic level |
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Term
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Definition
| Injury to the head in which the dura mater remains intact and brain tissue is not exposed |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormally deep unconsciousness with absence of voluntary response to stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| Injury to the brain, occasionally with transient loss of consciousness as a result of injury or trauma to the head |
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Term
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Definition
| Any sudden and violent contraction of one or more muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| Broad term that refers to cognitive deficit, including memory impairment |
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Term
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Definition
| Inability to learn and process written language despite adequate intelligence, sensory ability, and exposure |
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Term
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Definition
| Autoimmune condition that causes acute inflammation of the peripheral nerves in which myelin sheaths on the axons are destroyed, resulting in decreased nerve impulses, loss of reflex response, and sudden muscle weakness |
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Term
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Definition
| Painful, acute infectious disease of the posterior root ganglia of only a few segments of the spinal or cranial nerves; also called shingles |
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Term
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Definition
| Inherited disease of the CNS characterized by quick, involuntary movements, speech disturbances, and mental deterioration |
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Term
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Definition
| Accumulation of fluid in the ventricles of the brain, causing increased intracranial pressure (ICP), thinning of brain tissue, and separation of cranial bones |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal inactivity or lack of response to normal simuli; also called sluggishness |
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Term
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Definition
| Nonpsychotic mental illness that triggers feelings of distress and anxiety and impairs normal behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| Paralysis, usually partial, and commonly characterized by weakness and shaking or uncontrolled tremor |
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Term
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Definition
| Facial paralysis caused by functional disorder of the seventh cranial nerve, associated with herpes virus |
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Term
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Definition
| Type of paralysis that affects movementand body position and, somtimes, speech and learing ability |
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Term
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Definition
| Loss of voluntary motion in one or more muscle groups with or without loss of sensation |
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Term
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Definition
| Paralysis of one side of the body, typically as the result of a stroke; also called unilateral paralysis |
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Term
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Definition
| Paralysis of both lower limbs, typically as a result of trauma or disease of the lower spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| Paralysis of both arms and legs, typically as a result of trauma or disease of the upper spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| Major emotional disorder in which contact with reality is lost to the point that the individual is incapable of meeting challenges of daily life |
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Term
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Definition
| Defect in which the neural tube (tissue that forms the brain and spinal cord in the fetus) fails to close during embryogenesis |
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Term
| meningocele (spina bifida) |
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Definition
| Form of spina bifida in which the spinal cord develops properly but the meninges protrude through the spine |
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Term
| myelomeningocele (spina bifida) |
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Definition
| Most severe form of spina bifida in which the spinal cord and meninges protrude through the spine |
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Term
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Definition
| Form of spina bifida in which one or more vertebrae are malformed and the spinal cord is covered with a layer of skin |
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Term
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Definition
| Sensation of numbness, prickling, tingling, or heightened sensitivity |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord caused by a virus, commonly resulting in spinal and muscle deformity and paralysis |
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Term
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Definition
| Acute encephalopathy and fatty infiltration of the brain, liver and, possibly, the pancreas, heart, kidney, spleen, and lymph nodes |
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Term
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Definition
| Severe pain in the leg along the course of the sciatic nerve felt at the base of the spine, down the thigh, and radiating down the leg due to a compressed nerve |
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Term
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Definition
| Temporary loss of consciousness due to the sudden decline of blood flow to the brain; also falled fainting |
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Term
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Definition
| General type of seizure characterized by the loss of consciousness and stiffening of the body (tonic phase) followed by rhythmic, jerking movements (clonic phase) |
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Term
| tranisent ischemic attack (TIA) |
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Definition
| Temporary interference with blood supply to the brain lasting from a few minutes to a few hours |
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Term
| electroencephalography (EEG) |
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Definition
| Recording of electrical activity in the brain, whose cells emit distinct patterns of rhythmic electrical impulses |
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Term
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Definition
| Recording of electrical signals (action potentials) that occur in a muscle when it is at rest and during contraction to assess nerve damage |
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Term
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Definition
| Needle puncture of the spinal cavity to extract spinal fluid for diagnostic purposes, introduce anesthetic agents into the spinal cord, or remove fluid to allow other fluids (such as radiopaque substances) to be injected; also called spinal punture and spinal tap |
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Term
| nerve conduction velocity |
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Definition
| Test that measures the speed at which impulses travel through a nerve |
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Term
| cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis |
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Definition
| Series of chemical, microscopic, and microbial tests used to diagnose disorders of the central nervous system, including viral and bacterial infections, tumors, and hemorrhage |
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Term
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Definition
| Radiography of the blood vessels after introduction of a contrast medium |
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Term
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Definition
| Angiography of blood vessels of the brain after injection of a contrast medium; also called cerebal arteriography |
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Term
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Definition
| Imaging technique achieved by rotating an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measuring the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles |
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Term
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Definition
| Diagnostic radiological examination of the spinal canal, nerve roots, and spinal cord after injection of contrast medium into the spinal canal |
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Term
| positron emission tomography (PET) |
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Definition
| Scan using comuted tomography to record the positrons (positively charged particles) emitted from a radiopharmaceutical and produce a cross-sectional image of metabolic activity in body tissues to determine the presence of disease |
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Term
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Definition
| Imaging procedure using high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) that display the reflected "echoes" on a monitor; also called ultrasound, sonography, echo, and echogram |
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Term
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Definition
| Technique that exposes abnormal tissue to extreme cold to destroy it |
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Term
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Definition
| Precise method of locating and destroying sharply circumscribed lesions on specific, tiny areas of pathological tissue in deep-seated structures of the central nervous system; also called sterotaxy or stereotactic surgery |
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Term
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Definition
| Partial destruction of the thalamus to treat intractable pain, involuntary movements, or emotional disturbances |
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Term
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Definition
| Transection of a nerve tract in the brainstem or spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| Technique that cuts a circular opening into the skull to reveal brain tissue and decrease intracranial pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| Interruption of the function of the vagus nerve to relieve peptic ulcer |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder |
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Term
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Definition
| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; also called Lou Gehrig disease |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| brain electrical activity mapping |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| magnetic resonance angiogram; magnetic resonance angiography |
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Term
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Definition
| magnetic resonance imaging |
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Term
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Definition
| musculoskeletal; multiple sclerosis; mental status; mitral stenosis |
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Term
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Definition
| nerve conduction velocity |
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Term
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Definition
| positron emission tomography |
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Term
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Definition
| peripheral nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| sympathetic nervous system; somatic nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| transient ischemic attack |
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