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| an observable heritable feature |
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| any detectable variant in a genetic character |
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| referring to plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate |
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| the mating, or crossing of two true-breeding varieties |
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| a method of determining the inheritance pattern of a trait between two single organisms. |
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| any of the alternative versions of a gene that produce distinguishable phenotypic effects |
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| a cross between F1 offspring (first generation offspring) of two individuals that differ in two traits of particular interest. |
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| an allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygote. |
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| an allele whose phenotype effect is not observed in a heterozygote |
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| having two identical alleles for a given gene |
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| having two different alleles for a given gene |
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| the physical and physiological traits of an organism, which are determined by its genetic makeup |
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| the genetic makeup, or set of alleles, of an organism |
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| Mendel's first law, stating that the two alleles in a pair segregate (separate) into different gametes during gamete formation |
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| Law of independent assortment |
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Definition
| Mendel's second law, stating that each pair of alleles segregates, or assorts, independently of each other pair during gamete formation; applies when genes for two characters are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes |
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| the situation in which the phenotype of heterozygotes is intermediate between the phenotype of individuals homozygous for either allele |
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| the situation in which the phenotypes of both alleles are exhibited in the heterozygote because both alleles affect the phenotype in separate, distinguishable ways |
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| an additive effect of two or more genes on a single phenotypic character |
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| the ability of a single gene to have multiple effects |
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| an individual who is heterozygous at a given genetic locus, with one normal allele and one recessive allele. The heterozygote is phenotypically dominant for the character determined by the gene but can pass on the recessive allele to offspring |
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| a human genetic disorder caused by a recessive allele for a chloride channel protein; characterized by an excessive secretion of mucus and consequent vulnerability to infection; fatal if untreated |
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| a human genetic disease caused by a recessive allele that results in the substitution of a single amino acid in a globin polypeptide that is part of the hemoglobin protein; characterized by deformed red blood cells (due to protein aggregation) that can lead to numerous symptoms |
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| a disorder of bone growth that causes the most common type of dwarfism. |
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| a human genetic disease caused by a dominant allele; characterized by uncontrollable body movements and degeneration of the nervous system |
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