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| The power of a court to refuse to inforce a law or government regulation that in the opinion of the judges conflicts with the U.S Constitution or in a state court, the state consitution. |
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| A judicial system in which the court of law is a neutral arena where two partys agrue their differences. |
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A dispute growing out of an actual case of controversy and that is capble of settlement by legal methods. |
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| Lawsuit brought by an individual or a group of people on behalf of all those similarily situated. |
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| In a criminal action the person or party accused of an offense. |
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Agreement between a prosecutor and a defendent that the defendent will plea guilty to a lesser offense to avoid having to stand trial for a more serious offense. |
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| Arrangment where by public officials are hired to provide legal assistance to people accused of crimes who unable to hire their own attorney. |
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| A dispute that requires knowledge of a nonlegal character or the use of techniques not suitable for a court or explicitly assigned by the Consitution to Congress or the president; judges refuse to answer consitutional questions that they declare are political. |
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| Court order requiring explantion to a judge while a prisoner is being held in custody. |
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| The authority of a court to hear a case "in the first instance." |
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| The authority to review decisions made by lower courts. |
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| A jury of 12 to 23 persons who, in private, hear evidence presented by the government to determine whether persons are required to stand trai. If the jurry believes there is sufficiant evidence that a crime was committed, issues an indictment. |
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| A jury of 6 to 12 persons that who determines guilt of innocence in a civil or criminal accusation. |
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| An official that performs a variety of limited judicial duties. |
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| Presidential custom of submitting the names of prosecptive appointees for approval to senators from the states in which the appointees are to work. |
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Philosophy proposing that judges should interpert consitution to reflect what the framers intended and what it words literally say. |
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| Philosophy proposing that judges should interpert the constitution to current conditions and values. |
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The rule of precedent where by a rule or law contains a judicial decision is commonly viewed as binding on judges whenever the same questions is presented. |
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| A form of writ to bring a case before the Supreme Court. |
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Literally a " friend of the court". |
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