Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Chapter 14 - Cardiac Output, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure
Fox, Chapter 14
18
Physiology
Professional
04/19/2012

Additional Physiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
cardiac output
Definition
-volume of blood pumped each minute by each ventricle

cardiac output =
stroke volume X heart rate
Term
regulation of stroke volume (3)
Definition
1. end diastolic volume (EDV)
2. peripheral resistance
3. contractility
Term
end diastolic volume
Definition
1. "preload"
2. volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole
3. stroke volume increases with increased EDV
Term
body water distribution
Definition
2/3 of body water is in cells
- of the remaining 1/3, 80% is in interstitial fluid and 20% is in blood plasma
Term
edema
Definition
1. excessive accumulation of interstitial fluids
2. result of:
- high BP
- venous obstruction
- plasma protein leakage
- decreased plasma protein concentration
- obstruction of lymphatic drainage
- myxedema
Term
aldosterone
Definition
1. secreted by adrenal cortex
2. secreted when blood volume and pressure are reduced
3. stimulates reabsorption of salt in kidneys
4. regulated by renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Term
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Definition
1. when BP is low, cells in kidneys secrete enzyme RENIN
- angiotensinogen --> angiotensin I
- angiotensin I --> angiotensin II
- angiotensin II raises BP
Term
angiotensin II raises BP
Definition
1. vasoconstriction of small arteries and arterioles
2. stimulates thirst center in hypothalamus
3. stimulates production of aldosterone in adrenal cortex
Term
atrial natriuretic peptide
Definition
1. produced by atria
2. promotes salt and water excretion in urine in response to increased blood volume
3. inhibits ADH secretion
Term
blood flow
Definition
1. from higher pressure to lower pressure
2. rate is proportional to the pressure difference
Term
blood flow equation
Definition
blood flow =

pressure difference / resistance
Term
resistance depends on
Definition
1. length of vessel
2. viscosity
3. radius of vessel
Term
blood pressure
Definition
1. affected by blood volume/stroke volume, resistance and cardiac rate
2. increase any of these increases BP
Term
baroreceptor reflex
Definition
fall in BP =
increased sympathetic activity
decreased parasympathetic activity resulting in increased heart rate and resistance
Term
hypertension
Definition
1. high BP
2. essential or secondary (symptom of another disease)
Term
septic shock
Definition
1. low BP due to an infection
- bacterial toxins
- 50-70% mortality rate
Term
hypovolemic shock
Definition
1. due to low blood volume from an injury, dehydration or burns
Term
congestive heart failure
Definition
1. cardiac output is insufficient to maintain blood flow req'd by the body
Supporting users have an ad free experience!