The two processes that occur during respiration are:

A. inspiration and expiration

B. ventilation and diffusion

C. diffusion and oxygenation

D. oxygenation and ventilation

In what area of the lung does respiration occur?

A. trachea

B. capillaries

C. bronchi

D. alveoli

Which of the follosing statement regarding the hypoxic drive is MOST correct?

A. Chronic carbon dioxide elimination often result in activation of the hypoxic drive.

B. The hypoxic drive stimulates a person to breathe on the basis of low oxygen levels.

C. 100% supplement oxygen will always cause apnea in patients with a hypoxic drive.

D. The hypoxic drive serves as the primary stimulus for breathing in healthy individuals. 

Asthma is caused by a response of the:

A. cardiovascular system

B. immune system

C. respiratory system

D. endocrine system

Harsh, high-pitched inspiratory sounds are characterized of:

A. wheezing

B. rales

C. stridor

D. rhonchi

Dyspnea is MOST accurately defined as:

A. labored breathing with reduced tidal volume

B. a marked increase in the exhalation

C. a complete cessation of respiratory effort

D. shortness of breath or difficulty breathing

An alert patient presents with a regular pattern of inhalation and exhalation and breath sounds that are clear and equal on both sides of the chest. These findings are consistent with:

A. respiratory difficulty

B. adequate are exchange

C. respiratory insufficiency

D. an obstructed airway

Which of the following conditions would LEAST likely result in hypoxia?

A. severe anxiety

B. Prolonged seizures

C. pulmonary edema

D. pleural effusion

Hyperventilation could be associated with all of the following, EXCEPT:

A. high blood glucose levels

B. a narcotic overdose

C. an overdose of aspirin

D. a respiratory infection

A plueral effusion is MOST accurately defined as:

A. a unilaterally collapsed lung

B. diffuse collapsing of the alveoli

C. a bacterial infection of the lung tissue

D. fluid accumulation outside the lung

A blood clot lodged in a pulmonary artery is referred to as:

A. a myocardial infarction

B. a stroke

C. a pulmonary embolism

D. a pulmonary effusion

The oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange takes place in the:

A. trachea

B. bronchial tree

C. alveoli

D. blood

The letter "S" in the pneumonic PASTE referes to:

A. symtoms

B. sputum

C. severity

D. sickness

If carbon dioxide levels drops too low, the person automatically breathes:

A. normally

B. rapidly and deeply

C. slower and less deeply

D. fast and shallow

If the level of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood rises above normal, the patient breathes:

A. normally

B. rapidly and deeply

C. slower and deeply

D. fast and shallow

Inflammation and swelling of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea resulting in a "seal bark" is typically caused by:

A. emphysema

B. chronic bronchitis

C. croup

D. epiglottiitis

The rate of breathing is typically increased when:

A. oxygen levels increase

B. oxygen levels decrease

C. carbon dioxide levels increase

D. carbon dioxide levels decrease

__________ is a sign of hypoxia to the brain.

A. Altered mental status

B. Decreased pulse rate

C. Decreased respiratory rate

D. Dalayed capillary refill time

An obstruction to the exchange of gases between the alveoli and the capillaries may result from:

A. epiglottitis

B. pneumonia

C. a cold

D. all of the above

Pulmonary edema can develop quickly after a major:

A. heart attack

B. episode of syncope

C. brain injury

D. all of the above

Pulmonary edema may also be produced by:

A. cigarette smoking

B. seasonal allergies

C. inhaling toxic chemical fumes

D. carbon monoxide poisoning

_________ is a loss of the elastic material around the air spaces as a result of chronic stretching of the aleoli.

A. Emphysema

B. Bronchitis

C. Pneumonia

D. Diphtheria

_____ is a genetic disorder that affects the lungs and digestive system.

A. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

B. Cystic fibrosis

C. Pertussis

D. Bronchiolitis

The patient with COPD usually presents with:

A. bloody sputum

B. a green or yellow productive cough

C. a decreased pule rate

D. pulmonary edema

A pneumothorax is a partial or complete accumulation of air in the:

A. plueral space

B. alveoli

C. abdomen

D. subcutaneous tissue

Asthma produces a characteristic ___________ as a patients attempt to exhale through partially obstructed air passages.

A. rhonchi

B. stridor

C. wheezing

D. rattle

An allergic response to certain foods or some other allergen may produce an acute:

A. bronchodilation

B. asthma attack

C. vasoconstriction

D. insulin release

B. asthma attack

Treatment for anaphylaxis and acute asthma attacks includes:

A. epinephrine

B. high-flow oxygen

C. antihistamines

D. all of the above

A collection of fluid outside the lungs on one or both sides of the chest is called a: 

A. pulmonary edema

B. subcutaneous emphysema

C. pleural effusion

D. tension pneomothorax

Always consider ___________ in patients who were eating just before becoming short of breath.

A. upper airway obstruction

B. anaphylaxis

C. lower airway obstruction

D. bronchoconstriction

___________ is defined as overbreathing to the point that the level of arterial carbon dioxide fails below normal.

A. Reactive air syndrome

B. Hyperventilation

C. Tachycardia

D. Pleural effusion

Which of the following is NOT an indication of inadequate breathing?

A. Accessory muscle use

B. Cyanosis

C. A regular pattern of inspiration

D. Unequal chest expansion

C. A regular pattern of inspiration

Generic names for popular inhaled medications include:

A. ventolin

B. flovent

C. albuterol

D. atrovent

Contraindications to helping a patient self-administer a metered-dose inharler unclude all of the following EXCEPT:

A. failure to obtain permission from medical control

B. noticing that the patient is in the tripod position

C. noticing that the patient has already taken the maximum does of the medication.

D. noticing that the medication has expired

Contraindications for continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) include:

A. being alert and able to follow commands

B. a pulse oximetery reading of less than 90%

C. a respiratory rate greater than 26 breaths/min

D. hypotension

A prolonged asthma attack that is unrelieved by epinephrine may progress into a condition known as:

A. pleural effusion

B. status epilepticus

C. status asthmaticus

D. reactive airway disease

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding influenza?

A. it may worsen chronic medical conditions

B. it is primarily a human respiratory disease that has mutated to infect animals

C. it is transmitted by direct contact with nasal seceretion and aerosolized droplets

D. it has the potential to become a pandemic

Pulse oximeters measure the percentage of hemoglobin saturated with:

A. carbon dioxide

B. carbon monoxide

C. oxygen

D. iron

An acute spasm of the smaller airways associated with excessive mucus production and swelling is characteristic of:

A. asthma

B. chronic bronchitis

C. emphysema

D. severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

True or False

Chronic bronchitis is characterized by spasm and narrowing of the bronchioles due to exposure to allergies.

True or False

With pneumothorax, the lung collapses because the negative vacuum pressure in the pleural space is lost.

True or False

Anaphylactic reactions occur only in patients with a previous history of asthma or allergies.

True or False

Decreased breath sounds in asthma occur because fluid in the pleural space has moved the lung away from the chest wall.

True or False

Patients with carbon monoxide poisoning initially complain of headache, fatigue, and nausea

True or False

Pulmonary edema is commonly associated with congestive heart failure.

True or False

The distinction between hyperventilation and hyperventilation syndrome is straightforward and should guide the EMT's treatment choices.

True or False

COPD most often results from cigarette smoking. 

True or False

Asthma and COPD are characterized by long inspiratory times.

True or False

MRSA is a bacterium that most commonly infects people with weak immune system.

True or False

When assessing a patient, the general impression will help you decide whether the patient's condition is stable or unstable.

True or False

Skin color, capillary refill, level of consciousness, and respiratory pattern are key in evaluating the respiratory patient.

True or False

Oxygen is typically withheld from COPD patients regardless of their breathing status.

True or False

Side effects of inhalers used for acute shortness of breath include increased pulse rate, nervousness, and muscle tremors.

True or False

Patients who are hyperventilating should be treated by having them breathe into a paper bag.

True or False

Epiglottitis is more predominant in the adult population.

True or False

An RSV infection can cause respiratory illness suck as bronchiolitis and pneumonia

True or False 

When assisting a patient with a small-volume nebulizer, the oxygen flowmeter should be set to 10 L/min

True or False

Snoring sounds are indicative of a partial upper airway obstruction. 

True or False

Signs and symptoms of pulmonary emboli include dyspnea, hemoptysis, and tachycardia.

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The level of _________ __________ sensed by the brain stem stimulates respiration.

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The level of _______ in the blood is a secondary stimulus for respiration.

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________ passes from the blood through capillaries to tissue cells.

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Carbon dioxide and oxygen are exchanged in the __________.

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If you suspect a patient has tuberculosis, you should wear gloves, eye protection, and a(n) _________ _________.

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Abnormal breathing is indicated by a rate slower than __________ breaths/min or faster than ________ breaths/min.

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__________ __________ is an odorless, highly poisonous gas that results from incomplete oxidation of carbon in combustion.

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High-pitched sounds heard on a inspiration as air tries to pass through an obstruction in the upper airway is commonly referred to as ___________.

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___________ are the sounds of air trying to pass through fluid in the alveoli.

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When asking questions about the present illness during the history and secondary assessment, use the mnemonics _________ and ___________ to guide you in your general questioning.

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One sign of foreign body aspiration in a child may be an abnormality in the ___________.

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A patient with a seizure lasting longer than 30 minutes is said to be experiencing __________ _________.

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_________ is an airborne bacterial infection that is highly contagious and results in coughing attacks lasting longer than a minute.

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_______ are lower pitched sounds caused by secretions or mucus in the larger airways.

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A patient with a barrel chest and a "puffing" style of breathing most likely has ___________.