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chapter 13
meiosis and mitosis
29
Biology
12th Grade
03/22/2010

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Term
heredity
Definition
the transmission of traits from one generation to the next....aka inheritance
Term
variation
Definition
Differences between members of the same species
Term
Genes
Definition
A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses)
Term
Gametes
Definition
A haploid cell, such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.
Term
locus
Definition
A specific place along the length of a chromosome where a given gene is located
Term
Asexual reproduction
Definition
A type of reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring by budding or by the division of a single cell or the entire organism into two or more parts.
Term
Clone
Definition

a lineage of genetically identical individuals or dells.

Term
Sexual reproduction
Definition
A type of reproduction in which 2 parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the 2 parents
Term
Homologus chromosomes
Definition
Chromosome pairs of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern that possess alleles of the same genes at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited fro the organism’s father, the other from the mother
Term
Karyotype
Definition
A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape
Term
Sex chromosomes
Definition
One of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual
Term
Autosomes
Definition
A chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex, as opposed to a sex chromosome
Term
Diploid cell
Definition
A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n), one set inherited from each parent
Term
Haploid cell
Definition
A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (1n)
Term
Fertilization
Definition
The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote
Term
Zygote
Definition
The diploid product of the union of haploid gametes in conception; a fertilized egg
Term
Meiosis
Definition
A two-stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell
Term
Alternation of generation
Definition
A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form, the Sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte; characteristics of plants and some algae
Term
Sporophyte
Definition
A durable polymer that covers exposed zygotes of charophycean algae and forms walls of plant spores, preventing them from drying out
Term
Spores
Definition
in the life cycle of a plant or alga undergoing alternation of generations, a meiotically produced haploid cell that divides mitotically generating a multicellular individual, the gametophyte, without fusing with another cell
Term
Gametophyte
Definition
in organisms undergoing alternation of generation, the multicellular haploid form that mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the Sporophyte generation
Term
Meiosis I
Definition
The 1st division of a 2 stage process of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell
Term
Meiosis II
Definition
The 2nd division of a 2 stage process of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell
Term
Synapsis
Definition
The pairing of replicated homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis
Term
Crossing over
Definition
The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids during prophase I of meiosis
Term
Tetrad
Definition
A paired set of homologous chromosomes, each composed of 2 sister chromatids. Tetrads form during prophase I of meiosis
Term
Chiasma
Definition
The x-shaped, microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis
Term
Recombinant chromosomes
Definition
A chromosome created when crossing over combines the DNA from two parents into a single chromosome
Term
meiosis
Definition
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