Term
| In the 1950s when Watson and Crick were working on their model of DNA, which concepts were well accepted by the scientific community? |
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Definition
| Chromosomes are made up of protein and nucleic acid, genes are made of DNA, genes are located on chromosomes, and chromosomes are found in the nucleus. |
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Term
| What did most scientists hypothesize that proteins, rather than DNA, were the genetic material? ****essay question****** |
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Definition
| Proteins had been shown to enter the cell and change its characteristics during the transformation process. Also, proteins were known to have a variety of shapes and functions in the cell. It made it seem more likely they could code for the wide diversity of life. |
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Term
| What are the chemical components of a DNA molecule? |
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Definition
| A phosphate, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base |
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Term
| The two strands of a DNA molecule are held together by hydrogen bonds between what? |
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Definition
| Nitrogenous bases on each strand |
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Term
| The instructions for the traits of an organism are determined by? |
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Definition
| The order of nucleotides in DNA molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| Mixed dead remains of pathogenic bacteria with live nonpathogenic bacteria; discovered transformation in genotype and phenotype |
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Term
| Avery, McCarty, and MacLeod |
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Definition
| Tested the transforming agent changing bacteria; found DNA was the molecule that transformed it |
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Term
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Definition
| Proved DNA was the genetic material of T2 phage that infects E Coli |
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Term
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Definition
| Found nitrogenous bases were species specific, and that adenosine always pairs with thymine, and guanine with cytosine |
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Term
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Definition
| Constructed the first model of DNA as a double helix with the paired bases on the inside, and the sugar phosphate chains running antiparallel to each other |
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Term
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Definition
| Produced the x-ray photo that indicated the helical shape of DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| Proved the semiconservative model of DNA replication |
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Term
| Describe the structure of DNA. |
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Definition
| DNA is a double helix with paired nucleotides on the inside of it, with sugar-phosphate groups running antiparallel to each other. The 5' end is the phosphate group, the 3' end is the hydroxyl group. |
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Term
| Compare a bacterial chromosome and a eukaryotic chromosome. |
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Definition
| A eukaryotic chromosome is composed of DNA coiled and condensed around histones and is found in the nucleus. Bacterial chromosomes are in a circular form and contained in the nucleoid. |
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Term
| What phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur in? |
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Definition
| In the S phase of interphase |
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Term
| Describe the replication cycle, including all the proteins and enzymes responsible. |
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Definition
| Mention helicase, primase, primer, topoisomerase, DNA polymerase I & III, ligase, leading strand, lagging strand, antiparallel structure, parental DNA, single strand binding proteins |
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Term
| What are telomeres and why are they important? |
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Definition
| Telomeres protect the genes on the ends of chromosomes from being eroded away during successive replications; a buffer zone. |
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