Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Chapter 13
Juveniles & Corrections
20
Criminal Justice
Undergraduate 4
03/23/2017

Additional Criminal Justice Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
delinquents
Definition
juveniles who commit acts that are criminal when committed by adults
Term
status offenses
Definition
offenses that apply only to juveniles such as disobeying parents or smoking
Term
status offenders
Definition
juveniles who commit certain actions that are legal for adults, but not for children, such as smoking & not obeying parents
Term
age-crime curve
Definition
formed from the statistical count of the number of known crimes committed in a population over a given period mapped according to age
Term
Much of the behavior characterizing adolescence is rooted in ______ intermingling with ______ influences to cause teens to conflict with their parents, take more risks, & experience wide swings in emotion
Definition
biology & environment
Term
The lack of synchrony between a _______ & a _______ may explain juvenile bad behaviors
Definition
physically mature body & still maturing nervous system
Term
Adolescents' sensitivities to _______ appear to be different than adults, prompting them to seek higher levels of novelty & stimulation to achieve the same feeling of pleasure
Definition
rewards
Term
With the right dose of guidance & understanding, can adolescence be a relatively smooth transition?
Definition
yes!
Term
parens patriae
Definition
a legal principle giving the state the right to intercede & act in the best interest of the child or any other legally incapacitated persons, such as the mentally ill
Term
3 primary ways in which juveniles can be waived to criminal court
Definition
1. judicial waiver
2. prosecutorial discretion
3. statutory exclusion
Term
waiver
Definition
refers to a process by which a juvenile offender is "waived" (transferred) to an adult court because he or she has committed a particularly serious crime or is habitually delinquent
Term
judicial waiver
Definition
involves a juvenile judge deciding after a "full inquiry" that the juvenile should be waived to the adult system
Term
prosecutorial discretion
Definition
allows prosecutors to file some cases in either adult or juvenile court
Term
statutory exclusion
Definition
these are waivers in cases in which state legislatures have statutorily excluded certain serious offenses from the juvenile courts for juveniles over a certain age, which varies from state to state
Term
amicus curiae briefs
Definition
"friend of the court" briefs presented to the court, arguing in support of one side or the other, by interested parties not directly involved with the case
Term
three-pronged goal of the juvenile justice system
Definition
1. to protect the community
2. to hold delinquent youths accountable
3. to provide treatment & positive role models for youths
Term
deferred adjudication
Definition
a decision made by certain criminal justice personnel to delay or defer formal court proceedings if a youth follows probation conditions
Term
predisposition report
Definition
a report done in juvenile courts that is analogous to a presentence investigation report in adult courts
Term
community service order
Definition
part of a disposition requiring probationers to work a certain number of hours doing tasks to help their communities
Term
restorative justice
Definition
a system of justice that gives approximately equal weight to community protection, offender accountability, & the offender; it is oriented to repairing the harm caused by the crime & involves face-to-face confrontation between victim & perpetrator in the hope of arriving at a mutually agreeable solution
Supporting users have an ad free experience!