Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA) |
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Term
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Definition
| large molecular structure upon which a polypeptide chain is assembled |
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Term
| the base in RNA that is different from that of DNA |
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Definition
| uracil (instead of thymine) |
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Term
| base that uracil pairs with |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| analogous to DNA's nucleotide |
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Term
| enzyme which adds ribonucleotides to strands of RNA |
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Definition
| RNA polymerase (as opposed to DNA polymerase) |
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Term
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Definition
| one sequence of bases in DNA that signals the start of a gene |
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Term
| point at which RNA synthesis begins |
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Definition
| when RNA polymerases attach to the promoter |
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Term
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Definition
| protein-coding parts of genes |
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Term
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Definition
| parts of genes between exons which are removed ("snipped out") before a mature mRNA transcript is translated or spliced together again |
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Term
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Definition
| splicing together of introns to allow cells to use the same gene to make proteins that differ slightly |
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Term
| class or RNA which most genes are transcribed into |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| sequence of three ribonucleotides in mRNA |
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Term
| first amino acid in all new polypeptide chains |
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Definition
| methionine (codon is AUG) |
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Term
| sequence of three ribonucleotides which signal to begin translating as codons |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| set of 64 different codons |
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Term
| codons which stop further addition of amino acids to a chain |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ribonucleotide base triplet of transfer RNA which pairs with an mRNA codon |
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Term
| first stage of translation into polypeptide chains |
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Definition
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Term
| second stage of translation |
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Definition
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Term
| third stage of translation |
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Definition
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Term
| start of first stage of translation |
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Definition
| when initiation tRNA binds to a small ribosomal subunit and begin scanning mRNA for start codon |
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Term
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Definition
| when a large and small ribosomal subunit converge and bond together |
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Term
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Definition
| mRNA occupies a binding site and tRNAS occupy two binding sites (P and A) |
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Term
| role of rRNA in translation |
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Definition
| to catalyze the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids delivered by tRNA |
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Term
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Definition
| small scale changes in the nucleotide sequence |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| one base is incorrectly copied during DNA replication |
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Term
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Definition
| transposable elements that move around within or across chromosomes, altering the timing or duration of its activity |
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Term
| result of ionizing radiation |
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Definition
| chromosomes broken into pieces |
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Term
| most common types of mutations |
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Definition
| insertions, deletions, and base-pair substitutions |
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